Importance of discards from the English Nephrops norvegicus fishery in the North Sea to marine scavengers
Importance of discards from the English Nephrops norvegicus fishery in the North Sea to marine scavengers
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DOI：
10.3354/meps313215
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gray, T. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Catchpole, T. L.;Frid, C. L. J.;Gray, T. S.
丢弃物是指在商业捕鱼作业中被放回大海的那部分渔获物。在丢弃过程中无法存活的生物体可以为食腐物种提供额外的食物来源。本研究的目的是确定是否从密集捕捞的英国Nephrops norvegicus渔业丢弃的材料的数量和质量是这样的，它对海洋清道夫种群有积极的影响。通过实地研究查明海洋清道夫物种并估计其丰度。丢弃实验结合商业船只的数据提供了空中和海洋食腐动物之间丢弃物分配的估计数以及丢弃物的空间分布。设计了一个生物能模型来评估丢弃物对海洋食腐动物的重要性。海鸟利用了估计57%的废弃物;大多数废弃物（83%）发生在渔场。被确定为海洋废弃物清道夫的物种包括Liocarcinus defurator、Asterias rubens、Neptunea antiqua、Pagurus bernhardus、Carcinus maenas、Cancer pagurus和Myxine damagosa。八目鳗M. glutinosa是最丰富的食腐动物，占渔场所有已确定的海洋食腐动物重量的79%。从丢弃物中获得的能量可能为渔场上已确定的海洋丢弃物清道夫提供其捕鱼季节能量需求的37%。这一贡献水平可能足以使这些食腐物种的种群数量比其他情况下可能存在的数量更多。
Discards refer to that part of the catch which is returned to the sea during commercial fishing operations. Organisms that do not survive the discarding process can provide an additional food source to scavenging species. The aim of this study was to determine whether the quantity and quality of discarded material from the intensively fished English Nephrops norvegicus fishery is such that it has a positive effect on marine scavenger populations. Field studies were used to identify marine scavenger species and estimate their abundance. Discard experiments combined with data from commercial vessels provided estimates of the partitioning of discards between aerial and marine scavengers and the spatial distribution of discarding. A bioenergetic model was devised to evaluate the importance of discards to marine scavengers. Seabirds utilised an estimated 57% of the discarded material; most discarding (83%) took place over the fishing grounds. Species identified as marine discard scavengers included Liocarcinus depurator, Asterias rubens, Neptunea antiqua, Pagurus bernhardus, Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus and Myxine glutinosa. The hagfish M. glutinosa was the most abundant scavenger, and made up 79% by weight of all identified marine scavengers on the fishing grounds. The energy available from discards could potentially provide the identified marine discard scavengers on the fishing grounds with 37% of their energetic requirements during the fishing season. This level of contribution is probably sufficient to allow larger populations of these scavenging species to exist than would otherwise be possible.