Multi-residue analysis of emerging pollutants in benthic invertebrates by modified micro-quick-easy-cheap-efficient-rugged-safe extraction and nanoliquid chromatography-nanospray-tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Multi-residue analysis of emerging pollutants in benthic invertebrates by modified micro-quick-easy-cheap-efficient-rugged-safe extraction and nanoliquid chromatography-nanospray-tandem mass spectrometry analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.044
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发表时间：
2014-11-07
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Vulliet, Emmanuelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berlioz-Barbier, Alexandra;Bulete, Audrey;Vulliet, Emmanuelle
水生生态系统持续受到农业和工业来源的污染。尽管这种污染的后果逐渐显现，但其对水生生态系统的潜在影响却鲜为人知，特别是在不同营养级别的生物累积风险方面。为了建立生物累积与疾病之间的因果关系，必须对生物基质进行实验。在此背景下，开发了一种用于分析三种底栖无脊椎动物（Potamopyrgus antipodarum、Gammarus fossarum 和 Chironomus riparius）中 35 种新兴污染物的多残留方法。由于在生态毒理学研究中必须考虑每个个体反应的差异，因此整个分析链被小型化，从而将所需的样本量减少到最少一个个体，并相应地扩展方法。报道了一种基于改进、优化和小型化“QuEChERS”方法的新提取策略。该程序包括盐析液-液萃取约 10-20 mg 基质，然后进行纳米液相色谱-纳米电喷雾电离与串联质谱分析。经过验证的分析程序对所有目标化合物的回收率在 40% 至 98% 之间，并且能够在 ng g(-1) 浓度的个体范围内测定污染物。随后应用该方法来测定暴露在废水排放上游和下游的几种封闭生物体中目标分析物的水平。结果强调了某些目标新兴污染物在三种淡水无脊椎动物中的生物累积，以及物种间的差异。检测到 35 种化合物中的 18 种，并对其中 8 种进行了定量。 G. fossarum 中布洛芬的浓度最高，达到 105 ng g(-1)。 (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利，
Aquatic ecosystems are continuously contaminated by agricultural and industrial sources. Although the consequences of this pollution are gradually becoming visible, their potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems are poorly known, particularly regarding the risk of bioaccumulation in different trophic levels. To establish a causality relationship between bioaccumulation and disease, experiments on biotic matrices must be performed. In this context, a multi-residue method for the analysis of 35 emerging pollutants in three benthic invertebrates (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Gammarus fossarum, and Chironomus riparius) has been developed. Because the variation in response of each individual must be taken into account in ecotoxicological studies, the entire analytical chain was miniaturised, thereby reducing the required sample size to a minimum of one individual and scaling the method accordingly. A new extraction strategy based on a modified, optimised and miniaturised "QuEChERS" approach is reported. The procedure involves salting out liquid-liquid extraction of approximately 10-20 mg of matrix followed by nano-liquid chromatography-nano electospray ionisation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The validated analytical procedure exhibited recoveries between 40 and 98% for all the target compounds and enabled the determination of pollutants on an individual scale in the ng g(-1) concentration. The method was subsequently applied to determine the levels of target analytes in several encaged organisms which were exposed upstream and downstream of an effluent discharge. The results highlighted a bioaccumulation of certain targeted emerging pollutants in three freshwater invertebrates, as well as inter-species differences. 18 out of 35 compounds were detected and eight were quantified. The highest concentrations were measured for ibuprofen in G. fossarum, reaching up to 105 ng g(-1). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,