STRESSFUL EVENTS, STRESSFUL CONDITIONS AND ALCOHOL-PROBLEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES - A PARTIAL TEST OF BALES THEORY
STRESSFUL EVENTS, STRESSFUL CONDITIONS AND ALCOHOL-PROBLEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES - A PARTIAL TEST OF BALES THEORY
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DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1985.46.72
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
COLBY, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LINSKY, AS;STRAUS, MA;COLBY, JP
贝尔斯的理论认为，对社会成员产生压力的社会结构性因素会增加酗酒的比率，这一理论被用来解释50个州酒精中毒水平的差异。两种类型的社会压力被概念化，并在国家层面上进行测量：第一种是“生活事件”模型，它基于需要适应的生活变化。描述了一个指数，其中使用宏观衡量标准对每个州的15个类别(例如离婚和工厂关闭)的(负面)个人生活事件进行汇总。第二种模型基于慢性应激状态的概念，并通过地位整合测量和相对机会指数进行测量。与酒精相关的问题是通过肝硬变、酒精中毒和酒精精神病的死亡率以及人均酒精消费量来衡量的。压力事件和压力状况都与国家层面上的酒精中毒的所有指标相关，20个相关性中有19个在理论上预期的方向上。当年龄、都市性、黑人比例、低收入和教育程度被控制时，相关性会增强。三项宏观压力指标加在一起可以解释27%的肝硬变死亡率，14%的酒精中毒和酒精精神病死亡率的差异，以及47%的酒精消耗率的差异。
Bales'' theory that sociostructural factors that produce stress for members of a society increase the rate of alcoholism is examined to explain variations in the levels of alcoholism in the 50 states. Two types of social stress are conceptualized and measured at the state level: the first, the "life events" model, is based on life changes that require adaptation. An index is described in which (negative) personal life events in 15 categories (e.g., divorce and plant closings) are aggregated for each state using macro measures. The 2nd model is based on the idea of chronic stressful conditions, and is measured through the Measure of Status Integration and the Index of Relative Opportunities. Alcohol-related problems are measured by death rates for cirrhosis, alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis, and by per capita alcohol consumption. Both stressful events and stressful conditions are correlated with all indicators of alcoholism at the state level, 19 of 20 correlations being in the theoretically expected direction. Correlations are enhanced when age, urbanicity, the percentage of blacks, low income and eduction are controlled for. The 3 macro measures of stress taken together explain 27% of the variation in cirrhosis death rates, 14% of the variation in alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis death rates, and 47% of the variation in alcohol consumption rates.