Seventeen Tidal Disruption Events from the First Half of ZTF Survey Observations: Entering a New Era of Population Studies-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3847/1538-4357/abc258

发表时间：

2020-01

期刊：

The Astrophysical Journal

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

S. Velzen;S. Gezari;E. Hammerstein;Nathaniel Roth;S. Frederick;C. Ward;T. Hung;S. Cenko;R. Stein;D. Perley;Kirsty Taggart;J. Sollerman;I. Andreoni;E. Bellm;V. Brinnel;K. De;R. Dekany;M. Feeney;R. Foley;C. Fremling;M. Giomi;V. Golkhou;A. Ho;M. Kasliwal;C. Kilpatrick;S. Kulkarni;T. Kupfer;R. Laher;A. Mahabal;F. Masci;J. Nordin;R. Riddle;B. Rusholme;Y. Sharma;J. Santen;D. Shupe;M. Soumagnac

虽然潮汐破坏事件（TDE）长期以来一直被认为是研究静止黑洞的实验室，但已知的潮汐破坏事件数量较少及其发射机制的不确定性阻碍了这一承诺的进展。在这里，我们介绍了 Zwicky 瞬态设施最近检测到的 17 个新的 TDE，以及 Swift UV 和 X 射线后续观测结果。我们对光学/紫外光曲线的均匀分析（包括文献中已知的 22 个 TDE）揭示了光曲线特性与光谱类别的清晰分离。与样品的其余部分相比，在其光谱中具有鲍文荧光特征的 TDE 具有较小的黑体半径、较低的光学发光度和较高的破坏率。光谱中仅显示氦发射线的一小部分 TDE 具有最长的上升时间、最高的光度和最低的速率。光度半径较小的 TDE 中鲍文线的高检出率可以用这种荧光机制所需的高密度来解释。恒星碎片可以为这种致密物质提供来源。光子通过这些碎片的扩散可以解释为什么我们样本中 TDE 的上升和衰减时间尺度不相关。我们还首次报告了在 ~ 天的时间尺度上检测到来自 TDE 的软 X 射线耀斑。基于 X 射线耀斑的峰值光度与光学/紫外黑体光度相似的事实，我们将其归因于通过再处理层的短暂瞥见，否则该层会掩盖内部吸积流。

While tidal disruption events (TDEs) have long been heralded as laboratories for the study of quiescent black holes, the small number of known TDEs and uncertainties in their emission mechanism have hindered progress toward this promise. Here we present 17 new TDEs that have been detected recently by the Zwicky Transient Facility along with Swift UV and X-ray follow-up observations. Our homogeneous analysis of the optical/UV light curves, including 22 previously known TDEs from the literature, reveals a clean separation of light-curve properties with spectroscopic class. The TDEs with Bowen fluorescence features in their optical spectra have smaller blackbody radii, lower optical luminosities, and higher disruption rates compared to the rest of the sample. The small subset of TDEs that show only helium emission lines in their spectra have the longest rise times, the highest luminosities, and the lowest rates. A high detection rate of Bowen lines in TDEs with small photometric radii could be explained by the high density that is required for this fluorescence mechanism. The stellar debris can provide a source for this dense material. Diffusion of photons through this debris may explain why the rise and fade timescale of the TDEs in our sample are not correlated. We also report, for the first time, the detection of soft X-ray flares from a TDE on ∼day timescales. Based on the fact that the X-ray flares peak at a luminosity similar to the optical/UV blackbody luminosity, we attribute them to brief glimpses through a reprocessing layer that otherwise obscures the inner accretion flow.

Seventeen Tidal Disruption Events from the First Half of ZTF Survey Observations: Entering a New Era of Population Studies

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