Hydration and physical performance
Hydration and physical performance
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2007.10719656
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Murray, Bob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murray, Bob
自 1800 年代末以来，已有大量关于水合状态和身体机能的科学文献，尽管这种关系可能早在几个世纪之前就已经很明显了。体内水分从正常水平减少（通常称为脱水或水合不足）会引起心血管、体温调节、代谢和中枢神经功能的变化，随着脱水的加剧，这种变化会越来越大。同样，经常报告的中度脱水（例如-2%体重）导致的表现受损也会因液体流失增多而加剧。与在较冷条件下的类似活动相比，在炎热的体力活动期间脱水会导致更大的性能下降，这种差异被认为至少部分是由于与热暴露相关的更大的心血管和体温调节压力所致。毫无疑问，长时间、连续的高温运动中的表现会受到脱水程度的影响：-2%体重，并且有一些证据表明，即使在相对较短的间歇性运动中，较低程度的脱水也会损害表现。尽管需要进行更多的研究来更全面地了解低度脱水对身体表现的影响，但我们可以得出结论，当表现受到威胁时，充足的水分比脱水更好。这一概括在职业、军事和体育领域都适用。
There is a rich scientific literature regarding hydration status and physical function that began in the late 1800s, although the relationship was likely apparent centuries before that. A decrease in body water from normal levels,(often referred to as dehydration or hypohydration) provokes changes in cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, metabolic, and central nervous function that become increasingly greater as dehydration worsens. Similarly, performance impairment often reported with modest dehydration (e.g., -2% body mass) is also exacerbated by greater fluid loss. Dehydration during physical activity in the heat provokes greater performance decrements than similar activity in cooler conditions, a difference thought to be due, at least in part, to greater cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain associated with heat exposure. There is little doubt that performance during prolonged, continuous exercise in the heat is impaired by levels of dehydration : -2% body mass, and there is some evidence that lower levels of dehydration can also impair performance even during relatively short-duration, intermittent exercise. Although additional research is needed to more fully understand low-level dehydration's effects on physical performance, one can generalize that when performance is at stake, it is better to be well-hydrated than dehydrated. This generalization holds true in the occupational, military, and sports settings.