Investigating the Determinants of Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence in Meat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.
Investigating the Determinants of Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence in Meat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0153856
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ricci A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belluco S;Mancin M;Conficoni D;Simonato G;Pietrobelli M;Ricci A
弓形虫是人类最广泛的寄生虫之一，可导致免疫功能低下的个体严重疾病。然而，它在健康人群中的作用可能被低估了。这种原生动物的复杂流行病学认识到几种感染途径，但食用受污染的食物可能是主要途径。在食物中，食用生的和未煮熟的肉类是一个相关的传播途径，但不同的产肉动物物种及其肉类的作用是有争议的。本工作的目的是总结和分析文献资料报告的患病率估计T。肉食动物/肉类中的弓形虫。我们检索了Medline、Web of Science、Science Direct（最后更新日期：2015年3月31日）。相关论文应报道来自T.通过直接检测方法获得的家畜肉类中的弓形虫。进行Meta分析和Meta回归分析。在筛选的1915篇论文中，纳入69篇，主要涉及牛、猪和羊。基于随机效应模型，牛、猪和绵羊的合并患病率分别为2.6%（CI 95 [0.5-5.8]）、12.3%（CI 95 [7.6-17.8]）和14.7%（CI 95 [8.9-21.5]）。由于观察到的高度异质性，单变量和多变量荟萃回归模型拟合显示，牛的地理区域（p = 0.032），猪的养殖类型（p = 0.0004）和羊的样本组成（p = 0.03）对检测/估计的弓形虫的患病率有显着影响。此外，不同动物物种的作用取决于动物起源的地理位置。局限性主要是由于可能的发表偏倚。目前的工作证实了肉类，包括牛肉，作为T。弓形虫的来源，并强调需要一个控制系统，这种寄生虫要执行沿着肉类生产链。此外，应加强消费者的知识，以减少疾病的影响。
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasites in humans and can cause severe illness in immunocompromised individuals. However, its role in healthy people is probably under-appreciated. The complex epidemiology of this protozoan recognizes several infection routes but consumption of contaminated food is likely to be the predominant one. Among food, consumption of raw and undercooked meat is a relevant route of transmission, but the role of different meat producing animal species and meats thereof is controversial. The aim of the present work is to summarize and analyse literature data reporting prevalence estimates of T. gondii in meat animals/meats. We searched Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct (last update 31/03/2015). Relevant papers should report data from primary studies dealing with the prevalence of T. gondii in meat from livestock species as obtained through direct detection methods. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. Of 1915 papers screened, 69 papers were included, dealing mainly with cattle, pigs and sheep. Pooled prevalences, based on random-effect models, were 2.6% (CI95 [0.5–5.8]) for cattle, 12.3% (CI95 [7.6–17.8]) for pigs and 14.7% (CI95 [8.9–21.5]) for sheep. Due to the high heterogeneity observed, univariable and multivariable meta-regression models were fitted showing that the geographic area for cattle (p = 0.032), the farming type for pigs (p = 0.0004) and the sample composition for sheep (p = 0.03) had significant effects on the prevalences of Toxoplasma detected/estimated. Moreover, the role of different animal species was dependent on the geographic location of animals’ origin. Limitations were due mainly to a possible publication bias. The present work confirms the role of meat, including beef, as T. gondii sources, and highlights the need for a control system for this parasite to be implemented along the meat production chain. Moreover, consumer knowledge should be strengthened in order to reduce the impact of disease.