Stress-Inducible Gene Atf3 Dictates a Dichotomous Macrophage Activity in Chemotherapy-Enhanced Lung Colonization.

Stress-Inducible Gene Atf3 Dictates a Dichotomous Macrophage Activity in Chemotherapy-Enhanced Lung Colonization.
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应激诱导的基因ATF3决定了化学疗法增强肺定植中的二分法巨噬细胞活性。

DOI:
10.3390/ijms22147356
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发表时间:
2021-07-08
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Hai T
Hai T
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Middleton JD;Fehlman J;Sivakumar S;Stover DG;Hai T

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此前,我们发现化疗反而加剧了癌细胞在次要部位的定植,其方式依赖于非癌症宿主细胞中的应激诱导基因Atf3。在这里,我们提供的证据表明,这种表型是在癌细胞到达后几天内定植的早期阶段建立的。使用小鼠乳腺癌模型,我们发现,在野生型 (WT) 肺中,环磷酰胺 (CTX) 增强了肺将癌细胞保留在血管床中的能力。尽管CTX没有改变WT肺以影响癌细胞外渗或增殖,但它改变了肺巨噬细胞的亲癌性,从而保护癌细胞免于死亡。这与细胞保留的最初增加相结合,导致 CTX 处理的小鼠肺部定植率高于对照处理的小鼠。在 Atf3 敲除 (KO) 肺中,CTX 还增强了肺保留癌细胞的能力。然而,CTX 处理的 KO 巨噬细胞对癌细胞具有高度细胞毒性,导致肺部定植没有增加——尽管细胞保留最初有所增加。总之,Atf3 的状态决定了巨噬细胞的二分活性:CTX 处理的 WT 巨噬细胞具有促癌作用,而 KO 对应物则具有抗癌作用。这种二分法提供了 CTX 加剧 WT 肺部定植但不加剧 Atf3 KO 肺部定植的机制解释。
Previously, we showed that chemotherapy paradoxically exacerbated cancer cell colonization at the secondary site in a manner dependent on Atf3, a stress-inducible gene, in the non-cancer host cells. Here, we present evidence that this phenotype is established at an early stage of colonization within days of cancer cell arrival. Using mouse breast cancer models, we showed that, in the wild-type (WT) lung, cyclophosphamide (CTX) increased the ability of the lung to retain cancer cells in the vascular bed. Although CTX did not change the WT lung to affect cancer cell extravasation or proliferation, it changed the lung macrophage to be pro-cancer, protecting cancer cells from death. This, combined with the initial increase in cell retention, resulted in higher lung colonization in CTX-treated than control-treated mice. In the Atf3 knockout (KO) lung, CTX also increased the ability of lung to retain cancer cells. However, the CTX-treated KO macrophage was highly cytotoxic to cancer cells, resulting in no increase in lung colonization—despite the initial increase in cell retention. In summary, the status of Atf3 dictates the dichotomous activity of macrophage: pro-cancer for CTX-treated WT macrophage but anti-cancer for the KO counterpart. This dichotomy provides a mechanistic explanation for CTX to exacerbate lung colonization in the WT but not Atf3 KO lung.
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