ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN INTACT MAMMALIAN OOCYTES - MONITORING THE SEGREGATION OF A UNIVALENT CHROMOSOME DURING FEMALE MEIOSIS
ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN INTACT MAMMALIAN OOCYTES - MONITORING THE SEGREGATION OF A UNIVALENT CHROMOSOME DURING FEMALE MEIOSIS
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DOI：
10.1093/hmg/4.11.2007
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
MROZ, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HUNT, P;LEMAIRE, R;MROZ, K
为了监测哺乳动物雌性减数分裂不同阶段特定染色体的行为，我们对完整卵母细胞进行了免疫荧光染色和荧光原位杂交（FISH）相结合的研究。我们利用该技术评估了XO雌性小鼠卵母细胞中单个X染色体的行为，首次观察到哺乳动物雌性减数分裂过程中不一致染色体的分离及其对减数分裂过程的影响。正如在其他物种中所描述的那样，我们发现单价染色体可以作为一个完整的染色体分离到一个极点，或者在第一次减数分裂时均匀分裂。我们的研究结果还表明，在哺乳动物减数分裂过程中，单价染色体的存在会导致严重的减数分裂中断，影响补体中其他染色体的排列和分离。尽管这些减数分裂异常，绝大多数来自XO雌性的卵母细胞能够恢复并成功完成第一次减数分裂。这与先前对性染色体异常的雄性小鼠的研究相反，在第一次减数分裂的中期，单价的存在会阻止减数分裂。这种具有单价染色体的细胞启动后期能力的性别特异性差异表明，男性和女性减数分裂的细胞周期中心不同，并且对女性减数分裂染色体行为的监测效率较低。免疫荧光染色和FISH联合应用于完整卵母细胞对人类女性减数分裂染色体不分离的研究具有明显的应用价值。同时研究哺乳动物雌性减数分裂过程中减数分裂细胞周期、减数分裂装置的蛋白质成分和染色体特异性行为，为定义减数分裂过程中导致染色体分离不良增加的年龄相关变化提供了一种新的方法。
To monitor the behavior of specific chromosomes at various stages of mammalian female meiosis, we have combined immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on intact oocytes. We have utilized this technique to evaluate the behavior of the single X chromosome in oocytes from XO female mice, providing the first observations on segregation of an achiasmate chromosome during mammalian female meiosis and its effect on the meiotic process. As has been described in other species, we found that the univalent chromosome could either segregate as an intact chromosome to one pole or divide equationally at the first meiotic division. Our results also indicate that the presence of a univalent chromosome causes severe meiotic disruption during mammalian meiosis, affecting the alignment and segregation of other chromosomes in the complement. Despite these meiotic abnormalities, the vast majority of oocytes from XO females were able to resume and successfully complete the first meiotic division. This is in contrast to previous studies of male mice with sex chromosome abnormalities where the presence of a univalent acts to arrest meiosis at metaphase of the first meiotic division. This sex-specific difference in the ability of a cell with a univalent chromosome to initiate anaphase suggests that cell cycle central differs between male and female meiosis and that monitoring of meiotic chromosome behavior is less efficient in the female. The combined use of immunofluorescence staining and FISH on intact oocytes has obvious application to the study of meiotic chromosome non-disjunction in the human female. Simultaneous study of the meiotic cell cycle, protein components of the meiotic apparatus, and chromosome-specific behaviors during mammalian female meiosis provides a new approach to defining age-related changes in the meiotic process that result in increased chromosome malsegregation.