Dispersal evolution in currents: spatial sorting promotes philopatry in upstream patches
Dispersal evolution in currents: spatial sorting promotes philopatry in upstream patches
复制标题
洋流中的扩散演化：空间排序促进了上游斑块的自由繁殖
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.05315
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Allgayer R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allgayer R
大量文献致力于理解扩散进化，但我们缺乏关于当种群栖息在洋流中时扩散如何进化的理论。理解淡水和海洋环境的连通性需要这样的理论；此外，许多动物、真菌和植物依赖风传播，但洋流对这些生物体传播进化的影响尚不清楚。我们开发了一个基于个体的模型，用于沿着具有单向电流的线性环境的扩散概率的演化。与没有电流相比，即使是轻微的电流也会大大降低总体迁移概率。在更强的水流下，移民可以大大减少，特别是在上游斑块。当引入不受水流影响的罕见长距离扩散时，会产生更高的迁出概率，并且沿河流迁出倾向的空间变异性会降低。我们的研究结果为长期争论的“漂移悖论”提供了另一种解决方案，即由于平流力导致上游种群中个体的损失。自然选择和空间排序的结合产生并维持了扩散倾向的下游梯度，其中来自上游种群的个体往往更加亲民。这可能会对生态和遗传连通性产生重大影响，从而影响对居住在洋流中的种群的有效管理策略。
Substantial literature is devoted to understanding dispersal evolution, but we lack theory on how dispersal evolves when populations inhabit currents. Such theory is required for understanding connectivity in freshwater and marine environments; moreover, many animals, fungi and plants rely on wind‐based dispersal, but the effects of currents on dispersal evolution in these organisms is unknown. We develop an individual‐based model for evolution of dispersal probability along a linear environment with a unidirectional current. Even a slight current substantially reduces overall emigration probability compared to no current. Under stronger currents, emigration can be drastically reduced, especially in the upstream patches. When introducing rare long‐distance dispersal that is not subject to the current, higher emigration probabilities evolve and the spatial variability in emigration propensity along the stream is reduced. Our results provide an alternative solution to the long debated ‘drift paradox' concerning the loss of individuals from upstream populations due to advective forces. A combination of natural selection and spatial sorting generates and maintains downstream gradients in dispersal propensity, where individuals from upstream populations tend to be substantially more philopatric. This is likely to have major implications for ecological and genetic connectivity that will impact effective management strategies for populations inhabiting currents.