New data on the oribatid mite (Oribatei) fauna of Svalbard
New data on the oribatid mite (Oribatei) fauna of Svalbard
复制标题
斯瓦尔巴群岛甲螨 (Oribatei) 动物群的新数据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Melekhina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Lebedeva;V. Lebedev;E. Melekhina
182.导言在远离大陆的群岛斯瓦尔巴群岛的苔原生态系统中，土壤微型节肢动物的生物量相对较大。例如，甲螨在植被覆盖和土壤中的数量分别为200-800/平方分米和1-250/100 ml [1]。尽管这类无脊椎动物的物种组成备受关注，但100多年来，该群岛仅发现了42种甲螨[1-6]。斯瓦尔巴特群岛的自然条件和生物多样性已经得到了足够详细的研究;然而，目前生活在那里的众多生物物种如何在末次冰期后的短暂地质时期内扩展到该群岛，这一点尚未得到合理的解释。植物、鸟类和一些哺乳动物向斯瓦尔巴群岛扩张的方式似乎是显而易见的。关于土壤生物群，这个问题从未被提出过，更不用说回答了。直到最近才有人提出一种假设，认为鸟类将土壤微型节肢动物带到了北极岛屿;这一假设已在斯瓦尔巴群岛得到证实[7]。值得注意的是，在俄罗斯高北极区的所有岛屿上都发现了74种甲螨[8]，只是在最近几年，当对鸟类及其巢穴进行检查时，该列表才大幅扩展。为了比较，请注意，在西半球的高北极地区仅描述了31种甲螨，这些节肢动物仅在土壤和植被中搜索[9]。Tak
182 INTRODUCTION The biomass of soil microarthropods is relatively large in tundra ecosystems of Svalbard, an archipelago remote from the continent. For example, the numbers of oribatid mites (Oribatei) in the vegetation cover and soil are 200–800 per square decimeter and 1–250 per 100 ml, respectively [1]. Although the species composition of this group of invertebrates is paid much attention , only 42 species of oribatid mites have been found in the archipelago during more than 100 years [1–6]. The nature conditions and biological diversity of Svalbard have been studied in sufficient detail; however , it has not been logically explained how the numerous biological species currently living there have expanded to the archipelago during the geologically short period of time after the last glaciation. The ways of expansion of plants, birds, and some mammals to Svalbard seem obvious. Regarding the soil biota, this question has never been raised, much less answered. Only recently was a hypothesis put forward that birds have brought soil microarthropods to Arctic islands; this hypothesis has been confirmed for the Svalbard archipelago [7]. Note that 74 species of oribatid mites have been found on all islands of the Russian high Arc-tic [8] there list being substantially extended only in recent years, when birds and their nests were examined for the mites. Note for comparison that only 31 species of oribatid mites have been described in the high Arctic of the western hemisphere, where these arthropods were searched for only in soil and vegetation [9]. Tak