Toxicity assessment for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods.
Toxicity assessment for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60142-9
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Shi-ping Zhou;C. Duan;H. Fu;Yu-hui Chen;Xuehua Wang;Ze-fen Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi-ping Zhou;C. Duan;H. Fu;Yu-hui Chen;Xuehua Wang;Ze-fen Yu
蚯蚓毒性试验是陆地风险评估的有用工具，但需要不同效果水平（行为、亚致死、致死）的试验设计等级。本研究评价了毒死蜱污染土壤对蚯蚓的毒性。除急性和慢性试验外，还进行了回避反应试验。研究了毒死蜱亚致死浓度和致死浓度对蚯蚓的急性毒性、生长、繁殖力和一定时间后的回避反应。测试方法涵盖了所有重要的生态相关终点（急性，慢性，行为）。毒死蜱浓度为78.91 mg/kg时，各试验方法均有显著的毒性作用，但在较低的试验浓度下，只观察到显著的慢性毒性作用。在本研究中，毒死蜱对蚯蚓的生长和繁殖力有不利影响，毒死蜱浓度为5 mg/kg，处理8周后对蚯蚓的生长和繁殖力有不利影响。避避反应试验显示，毒死蜱浓度为40 mg/kg时，避避效果显著。毒死蜱浓度对回避反应的影响远大于对生长和繁殖力的影响，很可能是蚯蚓无法从农药污染的土壤中逃逸到田间的清洁土壤中，从而持续暴露于浓度升高的农药中。
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects at concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.