A Mini-review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2
A Mini-review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2
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2019 年新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 的小回顾
DOI：
10.34297/ajbsr.2020.08.001226
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Rutenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Rutenberg
2019年12月，中国湖北省武汉市出现了一种新型冠状病毒。该病毒可导致疾病，称为2019冠状病毒病或COVID-19。它的表现类似于严重急性呼吸系统综合症，即SARS，因为这种疾病表现为轻度至重度呼吸道症状。武汉一家海鲜市场出售的动物被认为传播了这种病毒。自发现以来，它已经感染了78000多人，并传播到至少30个其他国家。大多数病例发生在中国，但包括美国在内的世界多个国家的病例正在增加。该病毒与引起SARS的病毒具有许多相似的物理和致病特征，因此被命名为SARS- cov -2。密切接触可导致病毒传播。接触病毒2-14天内的初始症状与流感相似，包括发烧、咳嗽、肌痛和呼吸困难。患有严重疾病的人通常年龄较大或有合并症。目前还没有针对这种病毒的治疗方法或疫苗。与目前比SARS-CoV-2更流行的季节性流感相比，SARS-CoV-2被认为更具传染性，死亡率更高。由于预计该病毒将继续传播，因此对该病毒仍有许多需要了解的地方。全球正在通过突发公共卫生事件努力及早发现感染者并对其进行隔离，以防止进一步传播。缩写：SARS-CoV-2：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2；2019冠状病毒病；x:冠状病毒;SARS-CoV：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒；MERS-CoV：中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒；ACE2：血管紧张素转换酶2；RBD：受体结合域；RBM：受体结合基序；RT-PCR：逆转录聚合酶链反应
A novel coronavirus has recently emerged in December 2019 out of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The virus can cause disease, termed coronavirus virus disease 2019, or COVID-19. Its presentation is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome, known as SARS, because of the disease manifesting as mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms. Animals sold out of a seafood market in Wuhan are thought to have transmitted the virus. Since its discovery, it has infected more than 78,000 people and spread to at least 30 other countries. The majority of cases are in China, but cases are increasing in multiple countries throughout the world, including the United States. The virus shares many similar physical and pathogenic features as the virus that causes SARS and has thus been named SARS-CoV-2. Close contact can cause transmission of the virus. Initial symptoms in 2-14 days of viral contact are similar to influenza, including fever, cough, myalgias, and dyspnea. Those with severe illness are generally older or those with medical comorbidities. There are currently no cures or vaccines against the virus. In comparison to seasonal influenza, which is currently more prevalent than SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 is considered more infectious and carries a higher mortality rate. There is still much to learn about the virus, as it is expected to continue spreading. Global efforts are being made via public health emergencies to identify those infected and quarantine them early on to prevent further spread. Abbreviations: SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019; CoV: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; MERS-CoV: Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; ACE2: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; RBD: Receptor Binding Domain; RBM: Receptor Binding Motif; RT-PCR: Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction