Damped trophic cascades driven by fishing in model marine ecosystems
Damped trophic cascades driven by fishing in model marine ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.1512
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发表时间：
2010-03-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Pedersen, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersen, K. H.;Pedersen, M.
对许多海洋生态系统上层营养水平的最大扰动源于捕鱼。生态系统的反应超出了渔业直接瞄准的营养水平。这种反应要么被描述为整体体型谱的斜率变化，要么被描述为由顶端捕食者的移开而引发的营养级联。在这里，我们使用一个新的基于大小和特征的模型来探索海洋生态系统如何对不同类型的捕捞压力的扰动做出反应。该模型明确地解析了鱼类从幼虫到成鱼的整个生活史。结果表明，捕捞不会改变个体大小的总体斜率，但会耗尽体型最大的个体，并诱导营养级联。在捕食、死亡率和食物限制变化的共同驱动下，营养级联可以在营养水平上和下传播。当级联进一步远离受扰动的营养水平时，它就会受到抑制。在几个营养层次上捕鱼会导致营养级联特征的消失。不同生态系统之间捕捞模式的差异可能会影响是否观察到营养级联。
The largest perturbation on upper trophic levels of many marine ecosystems stems from fishing. The reaction of the ecosystem goes beyond the trophic levels directly targeted by the fishery. This reaction has been described either as a change in slope of the overall size spectrum or as a trophic cascade triggered by the removal of top predators. Here we use a novel size- and trait-based model to explore how marine ecosystems might react to perturbations from different types of fishing pressure. The model explicitly resolves the whole life history of fish, from larvae to adults. The results show that fishing does not change the overall slope of the size spectrum, but depletes the largest individuals and induces trophic cascades. A trophic cascade can propagate both up and down in trophic levels driven by a combination of changes in predation mortality and food limitation. The cascade is damped as it comes further away from the perturbed trophic level. Fishing on several trophic levels leads to a disappearance of the signature of the trophic cascade. Differences in fishing patterns among ecosystems might influence whether a trophic cascade is observed.