Correlating nanoscale titania structure with toxicity: A cytotoxicity and inflammatory response study with human dermal fibroblasts and human lung epithelial cells
Correlating nanoscale titania structure with toxicity: A cytotoxicity and inflammatory response study with human dermal fibroblasts and human lung epithelial cells
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfj197
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Colvin, Vicki L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sayes, Christie M.;Wahi, Rajeev;Colvin, Vicki L.
纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO2）是当今商业中使用的重要材料。如果设计得当，它可以非常有效地产生反应物质（RS），特别是在紫外线（UV）照射下；从自清洁玻璃到低成本太阳能电池，这一特性被广泛应用。在本研究中，我们描述了这类重要纳米材料在细胞培养环境（例如，无明显光照）条件下的毒性。只有在相对高浓度（100 μ g/ml）的纳米级二氧化钛下，我们才观察到细胞毒性和炎症；这些细胞反应表现出典型的剂量反应行为，并且随着暴露时间的增加而增加。在这项研究中，纳米级二氧化钛影响细胞行为的程度与样品表面积无关；较小的纳米颗粒材料具有与较大的纳米颗粒材料相当的效果。然而，与细胞毒性密切相关的是纳米级二氧化钛的相组成。例如，锐钛矿TiO2的毒性是同等金红石TiO2样品的100倍。细胞毒性最强的纳米颗粒样品也最有效地产生活性氧；紫外光照射下体外RS物种的产生与观察到的生物反应具有良好的相关性。这些数据表明，在光催化下优化的纳米tio2样品也更有可能在细胞培养中产生有害的RS物质。这一结果强调了体外RS生成测量在开发细胞毒性筛选中所起的重要作用。
Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is an important material used in commerce today. When designed appropriately it can generate reactive species (RS) quite efficiently, particularly under ultraviolet (UV) illumination; this feature is exploited in applications ranging from self-cleaning glass to low-cost solar cells. In this study, we characterize the toxicity of this important class of nanomaterials under ambient (e.g., no significant light illumination) conditions in cell culture. Only at relatively high concentrations (100 mu g/ml) of nanoscale titania did we observe cytotoxicity and inflammation; these cellular responses exhibited classic dose-response behavior, and the effects increased with time of exposure. The extent to which nanoscale titania affected cellular behavior was not dependent on sample surface area in this study; smaller nanoparticlulate materials had effects comparable to larger nanoparticle materials. What did correlate strongly to cytotoxicity, however, was the phase composition of the nanoscale titania. Anatase TiO2, for example, was 100 times more toxic than an equivalent sample of rutile TiO2. The most cytotoxic nanoparticle samples were also the most effective at generating reactive oxygen species; ex vivo RS species generation under UV illumination correlated well with the observed biological response. These data suggest that nano-TiO2 samples optimized for RS production in photocatalysis are also more likely to generate damaging RS species in cell culture. The result highlights the important role that ex vivo measures of RS production can play in developing screens for cytotoxicity.