Sparing land for secondary forest regeneration protects more tropical biodiversity than land sharing in cattle farming landscapes
Sparing land for secondary forest regeneration protects more tropical biodiversity than land sharing in cattle farming landscapes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.030
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发表时间：
2021-03-22
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Edwards, David P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Felicity A.;Massam, Mike R.;Edwards, David P.
有效管理农业以满足粮食需求对生物多样性的未来至关重要。（1,2）增加现有农田的产量可以允许放弃（保留）低产区，随后恢复为次生林。（2-5）一个关键问题是，这种“二级保护”是否比在农田内保留野生动物友好的栖息地（“土地共享”）更有效地保护生物多样性。以全球生物多样性受威胁的热点地区哥伦比亚可可-安第斯山脉(6)和畜牧业为研究对象，通过模拟保持景观范围内生产不变和牧场内产量相等的情景，研究了二级节约和土地共享的结果：(1)屎壳郎和鸟类的物种和功能多样性；(2)鸟类系统发育多样性；(3)相对于原始森林，次生林更新的不同阶段。与土地共享相比，保护较老的次生林（15-30年恢复期）对鸟类和屎壳虫的物种、功能和系统发育（仅鸟类）多样性有实质性的好处。与土地共享情景相比，在土地节约情景下，受保护物种的占用估计更高。保留的次生林在15年内积累了与原生林相当的屎壳郎多样性，在15-30年内积累了与鸟类相当的多样性，这突出表明需要进行更长期的保护，以最大限度地提高次生保留的生物多样性收益。在土地节约模式下促进大面积次生林的恢复和保护是保护热带生物多样性的关键机制，对同时协助实现恢复3.5亿公顷森林景观的全球目标具有重要意义。(7、8)
Effectively managing farming to meet food demand is vital for the future of biodiversity.(1,2) Increasing yields on existing farmland can allow the abandonment (sparing) of low-yielding areas that subsequently recover as secondary forest.(2-5) A key question is whether such "secondary sparing" conserves biodiversity more effectively than retaining wildlife-friendly habitat within farmland ("land sharing"). Focusing on the Colombian Choco-Andes, a global hotspot of threatened biodiversity,(6) and on cattle farming, we examined the outcomes of secondary sparing and land sharing via simulated scenarios that maintained constant landscape-wide production and equal within-pasture yield: (1) for species and functional diversity of dung beetles and birds; (2) for avian phylogenetic diversity; and (3) across different stages of secondary forest regeneration, relative to spared primary forests. Sparing older secondary forests (15-30 years recovery) promotes substantial species, functional, and phylogenetic (birds only) diversity benefits for birds and dung beetles compared to land sharing. Species of conservation concern had higher occupancy estimates under land-sparing compared to land-sharing scenarios. Spared secondary forests accumulated equivalent diversity to primary forests for dung beetles within 15 years and within 15-30 years for birds, highlighting the need for longer term protection to maximize the biodiversity gains of secondary sparing. Promoting the recovery and protection of large expanses of secondary forests under the land-sparing model provides a critical mechanism for protecting tropical biodiversity, with important implications for concurrently assisting in the delivery of global targets to restore 350 million hectares of forested landscapes.(7,8)