Evolved massive stars at low-metallicity I. A source catalog for the Small Magellanic Cloud
Evolved massive stars at low-metallicity I. A source catalog for the Small Magellanic Cloud
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低金属丰度演化的大质量恒星 I. 小麦哲伦云的源目录
DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/201935916
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Pouliasis Ektoras
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yang Ming;Bonanos Alceste Z;Jiang Bi Wei;Gao Jian;Gavras Panagiotis;Maravelias Grigoris;Ren Yi;Wang Shu;Xue Meng Yao;Tramper Frank;Spetsieri Zoi T;Pouliasis Ektoras
我们提供了一个干净的、星等受限的（IRAC 1或WISE 1 ≤ 15. 0 mag）小麦哲伦云（SMC）多波长源目录，共包含45 466个目标，目的是为未来的研究，特别是低金属丰度的大质量星星群体建立一个锚。该目录包含50个不同波段的数据，包括21个光学波段和29个红外波段，从SEIP，VMC，IRSF，AKARI，HERITAGE，Gaia，SkyMapper，NSC，Massey（2002，ApJS，141，81）和GALEX检索，从紫外到远红外。此外，径向速度和光谱分类从文献中收集，红外和光学可变性统计数据从WISE，SAGE-Var，VMC，IRSF，Gaia，NSC和OGLE检索。该目录基本上是建立在斯皮策增强成像产品（SEIP）源列表和GaiaData Release 2（DR 2）光度数据之间的1“交叉匹配和3”去混合基础上的。对来自GaiaDR 2的自行和松弛的进一步约束使我们能够去除前景污染。我们估计，我们目录中约99.5%的目标很可能是SMC的真正成员。使用梅萨等时线和恒星轨迹的演化轨迹和合成测光以及理论上的J-KS色割，我们在五个不同的色星等图（CMD）中确定了SMC中的1405个红超巨星（RSG），217个黄超巨星和1369个蓝超巨星候选者，其中还应该注意我们样本的不完整性。我们根据不同CMD的交集对候选人进行排名。模型与观测数据的比较表明，RSG星群的初始质量下限可能低至7甚至6 M质量，即使在微弱的星等下，RSG也与渐近巨星分支（AGB）星群分离良好，使RSG成为连接演化中的大质量恒星和中等质量恒星的独特星群。因为初始质量在6到8 M质量的恒星被认为会经历第二次的疏浚而成为AGB星。我们鼓励感兴趣的读者进一步开发我们目录的潜力。
We present a clean, magnitude-limited (IRAC1 or WISE1 ≤ 15.0 mag) multiwavelength source catalog for the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with 45 466 targets in total, with the purpose of building an anchor for future studies, especially for the massive star populations at low-metallicity. The catalog contains data in 50 different bands including 21 optical and 29 infrared bands, retrieved from SEIP, VMC, IRSF, AKARI, HERITAGE,Gaia, SkyMapper, NSC, Massey (2002, ApJS, 141, 81), and GALEX, ranging from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared. Additionally, radial velocities and spectral classifications were collected from the literature, and infrared and optical variability statistics were retrieved from WISE, SAGE-Var, VMC, IRSF,Gaia, NSC, and OGLE. The catalog was essentially built upon a 1″ crossmatching and a 3″ deblending between theSpitzerEnhanced Imaging Products (SEIP) source list andGaiaData Release 2 (DR2) photometric data. Further constraints on the proper motions and parallaxes fromGaiaDR2 allowed us to remove the foreground contamination. We estimate that about 99.5% of the targets in our catalog are most likely genuine members of the SMC. Using the evolutionary tracks and synthetic photometry from MESA Isochrones & Stellar Tracks and the theoreticalJ−KScolor cuts, we identified 1405 red supergiant (RSG), 217 yellow supergiant, and 1369 blue supergiant candidates in the SMC in five different color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), where attention should also be paid to the incompleteness of our sample. We ranked the candidates based on the intersection of different CMDs. A comparison between the models and observational data shows that the lower limit of initial mass for the RSG population may be as low as 7 or even 6M⊙and that the RSG is well separated from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) population even at faint magnitude, making RSGs a unique population connecting the evolved massive and intermediate stars, since stars with initial mass around 6 to 8M⊙are thought to go through a second dredge-up to become AGB stars. We encourage the interested reader to further exploit the potential of our catalog.