Glacier Variations since the Early 20th Century in the Gangrigabu Range, Southeast Tibetan Plateau
Glacier Variations since the Early 20th Century in the Gangrigabu Range, Southeast Tibetan Plateau
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
L. Shiyin
中科院分区：
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作者：
L. Shiyin
最近的研究表明，在过去几十年中，全球变暖导致世界各地的大多数高山冰川退缩。本研究选择了一个主要受印度季风影响的温带冰川地区，考察了气候变暖背景下冰川的现状。利用航空照片、地形图、中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS，分辨率为19 m，2001年1月30日获取）和陆地卫星专题成像仪（TM，1999年10月26日获取）图像。航摄照片主要用于识别小冰期末期形成的端部和侧部冰碛，人们认为小冰期发生在20世纪20年代中期。将CBERS和Landsat TM影像进行几何校正并配准到1∶{10万}地形图上，提取影像获取时的冰川分布信息。结果表明，从20世纪20年代到1980年，该地区102条冰川全部退缩，冰川面积和冰量分别减少了479 km 2和695 km 3。据估计，在同一时期，该地区所有冰川都失去了总面积的13^8%和总冰量的9^8%。根据1980年地形图和2001年中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS）影像资料，该地区88条冰川总面积79778 km 2，自1980年以来，冰川总体上也经历了一个冰量减少的过程。其中约60%的冰川正在失去质量，其他冰川也在前进。分析表明，冰川退缩对冰川融水径流产生了显着影响，导致1915年至1980年径流量减少了50%。近世纪来，特别是近20年来，冰川退缩和气候变暖的趋势表明，未来该地区冰川的质量损失可能会加速。
Recent studies indicate that most alpine glaciers around the world have retreated during the past decades under global warming. In this study, a region with temperate glaciers, mainly influenced by the Indian Monsoon, is selected to examine the present status of glaciers under a warming background. Aerial photos, topographical maps, China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite (CBERS, with resolution of 19 m and acquired on Jan. 30 2001) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM, acquired on Oct. 26 1999) images are used. Aerial photos are mainly applied for identifying the end and lateral moraines formed at the end of the Little Ice Age, which was thought to occur in the mid-1920s. CBERS and Landsat TM images geometrically corrected and co-registered to 1∶{100 000} topographical maps are applied to extract the information of glacier distribution at the time the imageries acquired. It was concluded that the measured 102 glaciers in the region have all in retreat from the 1920s to 1980, with a total areal and ice volumetric decreases of 47^9 km~(2) and 6^95 km~(3). It is estimated that all glaciers in the region have lost 13^8% of their total area and 9^8% of the total ice volume during the same period. Since 1980, glaciers in the region have also experienced an ice mass loss process in general, according to the data of 88 glaciers with a total area of 797^78 km~(2) from topographical maps in 1980 and the CBERS image in 2001. About 60% of these glaciers have been losing their mass and other glaciers have advanced. Analysis indicates that glacier retreat has significantly impacted glacial meltwater runoff, resulting in 50% decrease of runoff from 1915 to 1980. The trend of glacier retreat and climatic warming during the last century, especial during the past two decades, shows a possibility that mass loss of glaciers in the region will be accelerating in the future.