Framework for nontargeted investigation of contaminants released by wildfires into stormwater runoff: Case study in the northern San Francisco Bay area
Framework for nontargeted investigation of contaminants released by wildfires into stormwater runoff: Case study in the northern San Francisco Bay area
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DOI：
10.1002/ieam.4461
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发表时间：
2021-07-20
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Sutton, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang, Daniel;Richardot, William H.;Sutton, Rebecca
野火对社区和生态系统具有极大的破坏性。然而，生态破坏的全部范围往往难以评估，部分原因是关于引入受影响景观和水道的化学物质类型的信息有限。本研究的目的是建立一个采样、分析和解释框架，以有效地识别和监测受野火径流影响的环境水样中出现的污染物。在2017年10月北加州火灾风暴期间发生三次最具破坏性的火灾后，对美国圣罗莎市、索诺玛县和纳帕县流域的雨水样本进行了一项由综合二维气相色谱耦合飞行时间质谱（GC x GC/TOF-MS）组成的非靶向分析。通过筛选方法将来自火灾影响地点的样品与未燃烧的参考地点的样品进行比较，从检测到的数千种色谱特征中选择出可能与野火有关的化学物质。这种筛选导致76种可能与火有关的化合物的高置信度鉴定。其中48种分析物可获得可靠的标准物，46种通过匹配质谱和GC × GC保留时间得到确认。在这46种化合物中，37种已知的商业和工业用途是作为塑料、个人护理产品、杀虫剂的中间体或成分，以及作为食品添加剂。9种化合物没有已知的用途或来源，可能是天然或人为物质燃烧产生的氧化产物。通过在线数据库和文献综述对46种化合物的潜在毒性进行了初步检查，结果表明数据有限。区域比较表明，更多的结构破坏可能产生更多的独特的，潜在的野火相关化合物。我们建议使用本文描述的框架进一步研究野火后径流，其中包括假设驱动的选址和非目标分析，以发现野火后未常规监测的潜在重要雨水污染物，并为风险评估提供信息。综合环境评估管理2021；00:1-15。(c) 2021 SETAC
Wildfires can be extremely destructive to communities and ecosystems. However, the full scope of the ecological damage is often hard to assess, in part due to limited information on the types of chemicals introduced to affected landscapes and waterways. The objective of this study was to establish a sampling, analytical, and interpretive framework to effectively identify and monitor contaminants of emerging concern in environmental water samples impacted by wildfire runoff. A nontargeted analysis consisting of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC/TOF-MS) was conducted on stormwater samples from watersheds in the City of Santa Rosa and Sonoma and Napa Counties, USA, after the three most destructive fires during the October 2017 Northern California firestorm. Chemicals potentially related to wildfires were selected from the thousands of chromatographic features detected through a screening method that compared samples from fire-impacted sites versus unburned reference sites. This screening led to high confidence identifications of 76 potentially fire-related compounds. Authentic standards were available for 48 of these analytes, and 46 were confirmed by matching mass spectra and GC x GC retention times. Of these 46 compounds, 37 had known commercial and industrial uses as intermediates or ingredients in plastics, personal care products, pesticides, and as food additives. Nine compounds had no known uses or sources and may be oxidation products resulting from burning of natural or anthropogenic materials. Preliminary examination of potential toxicity associated with the 46 compounds, conducted via online databases and literature review, indicated limited data availability. Regional comparison suggested that more structural damage may yield a greater number of unique, potentially wildfire-related compounds. We recommend further study of post-wildfire runoff using the framework described here, which includes hypothesis-driven site selection and nontargeted analysis, to uncover potentially significant stormwater contaminants not routinely monitored after wildfires and inform risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;00:1-15. (c) 2021 SETAC