INNOCENTS ABROAD - WESTERN FANTASIES OF CHILDHOOD AND THE ICONOGRAPHY OF EMERGENCIES
INNOCENTS ABROAD - WESTERN FANTASIES OF CHILDHOOD AND THE ICONOGRAPHY OF EMERGENCIES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00310.x
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
BURMAN, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BURMAN, E
在本文中，我探讨的情感利益所保持的第三世界紧急情况中使用的儿童的形象。 成年人和儿童之间的界限通过南北之间的家长式关系得以再现，因此，儿童形象中体现的南方化有助于确保北方捐助者的能力和成熟。 基于对童年概念的文化起源和意义的分析以及精神分析学的观点，我认为媒体对灾难的报道既能引起人们的认同，也能引起人们的策略，以抵御和保护人们免受由此带来的焦虑。 儿童的天真和经验的质量的性别以及地理分布进行了讨论，利用儿童的一般形象和最近的报道儿童和儿童拯救，特别是在前南斯拉夫。 通过对“灾难灾难图表”的分析，本文探讨了儿童如何成为人们关注的主要焦点对象和痛苦的能指。 这是以使儿童、他们的家庭和他们的文化失去人性为代价的，使他们成为西方凝视的被动对象，西方凝视试图确认自己的机构和全能，以抵御自己的不安全感。 虽然援助组织和运动必然会参与，有时勾结，这些反应，本文最后建议，可能有策略，使儿童的形象可以发挥作用，以评论，而不是保持普遍的殖民和家长式的关系。
In this paper I explore the emotional interests maintained by the imagery of children used in Third World emergencies. Boundaries between adult and child are reproduced through relations of paternalism between North and South, such that the infantilisation of the South exemplified in imagery of children works to secure the competence and maturity of the Northern donor. Drawing on both analyses of the cultural origins and meanings of concepts of childhood and psychoanalytic perspectives, I suggest that media coverage of disasters arouses both identification and strategies to ward off and protect from the anxiety this brings. The gendered as well as geographical distribution of qualities of children's innocence and experience are discussed, drawing on both general imagery of children and recent coverage of children and child-saving, particularly in the former Yugoslavia. Developing analyses of 'disaster pornography', the paper explores how children appear as the principal focal objects onto which attention is pinned and as the signifiers of distress. This is at the cost of dehumanizing both children, their families and their cultures, and rendering them passive objects of a western gaze which seeks to confirm its own agency and omnipotence to ward off its own insecurities. While aid organisations and campaigns necessarily engage with, and sometimes collude with, these reactions, the paper ends by suggesting that there may be strategies whereby images of children can function to comment on rather than maintain prevailing colonial and paternalistic relations.