Particle deposition in tracheobronchial airways of an infant, child and adult
Particle deposition in tracheobronchial airways of an infant, child and adult
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婴儿、儿童和成人气管支气管内的颗粒沉积
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.240
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发表时间：
2018-01-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Xiang, Yuguang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng, Qihong;Ou, Cuiyun;Xiang, Yuguang
背景资料：人体气道中的颗粒沉积对于评估吸入颗粒的健康影响和吸入药物气雾剂的治疗效果都很重要，但对婴儿和儿童的了解还不充分。目的：我们通过使用计算流体动力学（CFD）研究婴儿和儿童的颗粒沉积，并将其与成人的颗粒沉积进行比较。方法：我们选择了三个人群年龄组：7个月婴儿、4岁儿童和20岁成人。气道结构和呼吸条件都被认为随着人类从婴儿期到成年期的生长而变化。我们调查了在久坐状态下，在上（G3-G6）和下（G9-G12）气管支气管（TB）airways.Results：我们发现，颗粒沉积在上和下气道是最高的婴儿，其次是儿童，最低的成人。随着年龄的增长，上呼吸道中的颗粒沉积减少，但下呼吸道中的颗粒沉积增加。对于婴儿，惯性撞击是主要的沉积机制，因此颗粒沉积在上呼吸道中多于下呼吸道中。然而，颗粒沉积在较低的气道比在上部的成人，重力沉降是占主导地位的沉积mechanism.Conclusion：鉴于气道结构和颗粒沉积机制的差异，颗粒沉积在婴儿和儿童不同于成人，不仅在沉积的效率，但也在网站。我们的研究结果提供了证据，证明“儿童不是小成年人”。(C)2017爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Background: Particle deposition in human airways is important for assessing both health effects of inhaled particles and therapeutic efficacy of inhaled drug aerosols, but is not well understood for infants and children.Objective: We investigate particle deposition in infants and children by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and compare this with particle deposition in adults.Methods: We chose three population age groups: 7-month infant, 4-year old child, and 20-year old adult. Both airway structures and breathing conditions are considered to vary as a human grows from infancy to adulthood. We investigated deposition of micron-size particles (1-10 mu m) in both the upper (G3-G6) and lower (G9-G12) tracheobronchial (TB) airways under sedentary conditions.Results: We found that particle deposition in both upper and lower airways is the highest in an infant, next in a child, and lowest in an adult. As age increases, particle deposition decreases in the upper airways but increases in the lower. For infants, inertial impaction is the dominant deposition mechanism, thus particles are deposited more in the upper airways than in the lower. However, particles are deposited more in the lower airways than in the upper in adults, as gravitational sedimentation is the dominant deposition mechanism.Conclusion: Given the differences in the airway structure and particle deposition mechanisms, particle deposition in infants and children differs from that in adults, not only in the efficiency of deposition but also in the site. Our findings provide evidence that "children are not small adults". (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.