Safety Signals in the Primate Amygdala
Safety Signals in the Primate Amygdala
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1539-13.2013
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发表时间：
2013-11-13
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Paz, Rony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Genud-Gabai, Rotem;Klavir, Oded;Paz, Rony
区分危险和安全的能力对生存至关重要。另一方面，焦虑症可能是由于未能将安全线索与那些预测危险结果的线索分开。杏仁核在学习和发出危险信号方面起着重要作用，最近，越来越多的证据表明，它也会获取信息来发出安全信号。传统上，安全性是通过改变先前危险线索的价值（如消失或逆转）的范式来探索的;或者通过显示安全线索可以抑制对另一个危险预测线索的反应的范式来探索的，如条件抑制。在现实生活中，许多线索从来没有与危险配对或测试过，沿着保持中立。因此，对非配对条件刺激（CS-）的神经反应的详细研究可以表明是否在杏仁核中也获得了关于比较安全的信息。我们设计了一个多CS研究，CS-从视觉和听觉的方式。使用歧视性厌恶条件反射，我们发现，在灵长类动物杏仁核的反应开发CS-相同的方式和不同的方式从厌恶CS+。此外，我们发现，反应是可比的比例，符号（增加/减少），发病，和幅度。这些结果表明，灵长类动物的杏仁核积极地获取有关安全的信号，并加强了杏仁核处理失败可能导致无法区分危险线索和安全线索，并导致适应不良行为的假设。
The ability to distinguish danger from safety is crucial for survival. On the other hand, anxiety disorders can result from failures to dissociate safe cues from those that predict dangerous outcomes. The amygdala plays a major role in learning and signaling danger, and recently, evidence accumulates that it also acquires information to signal safety. Traditionally, safety is explored by paradigms that change the value of a previously dangerous cue, such as extinction or reversal; or by paradigms showing that a safe cue can inhibit responses to another danger-predicting cue, as in conditioned-inhibition. In real-life scenarios, many cues are never paired or tested with danger and remain neutral all along. A detailed study of neural responses to unpaired conditioned-stimulus (CS-) can therefore indicate whether information on safety-by-comparison is also acquired in the amygdala. We designed a multiple-CS study, with CS- from both visual and auditory modalities. Using discriminative aversive-conditioning, we find that responses in the primate amygdala develop for CS - of the same modality and of a different modality from that of the aversive CS+. Moreover, we find that responses are comparable in proportion, sign (increase/decrease), onset, and magnitude. These results indicate that the primate amygdala actively acquires signals about safety, and strengthen the hypothesis that failure in amygdala processing can result in failure to distinguish dangerous cues from safe ones and lead to maladaptive behaviors.