The influence of pre-existing structure on the growth of syn-sedimentary normal faults in a deltaic setting, Niger Delta

The influence of pre-existing structure on the growth of syn-sedimentary normal faults in a deltaic setting, Niger Delta
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尼日尔三角洲三角洲环境中先存构造对同沉积正断层生长的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2015.01.011
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Fazli Khani
Fazli Khani
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fazli Khani

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从西部尼日尔三角洲的三维地震反射数据被用来研究同沉积正断层阵列的分割和连接,并估计的影响,预先存在的正断层的几何形状和年轻的断层的增长。利用反射率时间切片、层位切片和垂直地震剖面,分析了区域性(向海倾斜)三角洲断裂系统的成核、生长和连通过程。在深层地下,一个主断层,由两个部分(西北,西北,东南,东南)通过时间增长到一个单一的故障,达到最终长度约15公里的横向尖端传播。在达到这个长度之后,位移沿着断层系统随着时间不均匀地发展。对深部主断裂上盘沉积物的分析表明,在北西段和南东段上方有两种不同的垂向连接过程。东南段垂直链接到几个年轻的故障同期位移积累的主故障,相反,故障链接以上的西北段发生后,一段时间的主故障不活动连接的深层结构向上到一个单一的同沉积正断层。所观察到的断层发育的差异表明,虽然多段三角洲断层形成单一的断层系统后,段链接,个人的预链接的特点可以保存,支持可能多样化的向上增长和连接到年轻的断层覆盖层。提出的地质解释突出了大型深层结构对浅三角洲断层的发展、位置和几何形状的影响,记录了较老的结构颗粒对三角洲构造的影响。
Three dimensional seismic-reflection data from the western Niger Delta were used to investigate the segmentation and linkage of a syn-sedimentary normal fault array and to estimate the influence of a pre-existing normal fault on the geometry and growth of younger faults. The nucleation, growth and linkage of a regional (seaward-dipping) deltaic fault system were analyzed on reflectivity time-/horizon slices and vertical seismic sections. In the deep subsurface, a master fault that consists of two segments (northwestern, NW, and southeastern, SE) grew through time into a single fault by lateral tip propagation reaching a final length of about 15 km. After attaining this length, displacement along the fault system developed non-uniformly through time. The analysis of the hanging-wall sediments of the deep-seated master fault shows two different processes of vertical linkage above the NW and SE segment. The SE segment links vertically to several younger faults contemporaneously with displacement accumulation on the master fault; in contrast, fault linkage above the NW segment occurred only after an interval of master-fault inactivity connecting the deep-seated structure upwards to a single syn-sedimentary normal fault. The observed differences in fault development suggest that although multi-segment deltaic faults form single fault systems after segment linkage, individual pre-linkage characteristics can be preserved, supporting a possibly diverse upward growth and connection to younger faults in the overburden. The geological interpretations presented highlight the influence of large deep-rooted structures on the development, location and geometry of shallow deltaic faults, documenting the influence of an older structural grain on delta tectonics.
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