Maize VKS1 Regulates Mitosis and Cytokinesis During Early Endosperm Development
Maize VKS1 Regulates Mitosis and Cytokinesis During Early Endosperm Development
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玉米 VKS1 在早期胚乳发育过程中调节有丝分裂和细胞分裂
DOI：
10.1105/tpc.18.00966
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Wu, Yongrui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Yongcai;Wang, Haihai;Wu, Yongrui
细胞数量是决定玉米 (Zea mays) 籽粒大小的关键因素。胚乳发育早期的快速有丝分裂产生了构成淀粉胚乳的大部分细胞。然而，早期胚乳发育的机制仍然很大程度上未知。我们分离出一个显示不同籽粒大小表型的玉米突变体（vks1）。 Vks1 编码 ZmKIN11，属于驱动蛋白 14 亚家族，主要在早期胚乳发育中表达。 VKS1 动态定位于细胞核和微管，并在双核细胞中游离核的迁移以及早期有丝分裂中的有丝分裂和胞质分裂中发挥关键作用。 VKS1的缺失对植物的影响相对较小，但会导致早期胚乳发育中纺锤体组装、姐妹染色单体分离和成膜体形成畸形，从而导致细胞增殖减少。各个 vks1 胚乳内异常有丝分裂和胞质分裂的严重程度不同，从而导致籽粒大小不同。我们的发现强调了 VKS1 作为早期玉米胚乳发育中有丝分裂的中心调节因子，并为未来提高产量提供了一种潜在的方法。
Cell number is a critical factor that determines kernel size in maize (Zea mays). Rapid mitotic divisions in early endosperm development produce most of the cells that make up the starchy endosperm; however, the mechanisms underlying early endosperm development remain largely unknown. We isolated a maize mutant that shows a varied-kernel-size phenotype (vks1). Vks1 encodes ZmKIN11, which belongs to the kinesin-14 subfamily and is predominantly expressed in early endosperm development. VKS1 dynamically localizes to the nucleus and microtubules and plays key roles in the migration of free nuclei in the coenocyte as well as in mitosis and cytokinesis in early mitotic divisions. Absence of VKS1 has relatively minor effects on plants but causes deformities in spindle assembly, sister chromatid separation, and phragmoplast formation in early endosperm development, thereby resulting in reduced cell proliferation. Severities of aberrant mitosis and cytokinesis within individual vks1 endosperms differ, thereby resulting in varied kernel sizes. Our discovery highlights VKS1 as a central regulator of mitosis in early maize endosperm development and provides a potential approach for future yield improvement.