New Nanostructured Li2S/Silicon Rechargeable Battery with High Specific Energy
New Nanostructured Li2S/Silicon Rechargeable Battery with High Specific Energy
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DOI：
10.1021/nl100504q
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Cui, Yi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Yuan;McDowell, Matthew T.;Cui, Yi
可充电锂离子电池是一种重要的储能装置，但由于电极材料的比容量有限，现有锂离子电池的比能量仍不足以满足许多应用的需要。硫/介孔碳纳米复合材料阴极的最新发展代表了一个特别令人兴奋的进步，但在全电池中，硫基阴极必须与金属锂阳极配对作为锂源，这可能导致严重的安全问题。在这里，我们报告了一种新型的无锂金属电池，由Li 2S/介孔碳复合材料阴极和硅纳米线阳极组成。这种新电池产生的理论比能量或1550 Wh kg（-1），是现有基于LiCoO 2阴极和石墨阳极的锂离子电池的理论比能量（类似于410 Wh kg（-1））的四倍。两种电极的纳米结构设计有助于克服与在锂离子电池中使用硫化合物和硅相关的问题，包括导电性差、显著的结构变化和体积膨胀。我们已经通过实验实现了基于活性电极材料的质量的630 Wh kg（-1）的初始放电比能量。
Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are important energy storage devices, however, the specific energy of existing lithium ion batteries is still insufficient for many applications due to the limited specific charge capacity of the electrode materials. The recent development of sulfur/mesoporous carbon nanocomposite cathodes represents a particularly exciting advance, but in full battery cells, sulfur-based cathodes have to be paired with metallic lithium anodes as the lithium source, which can result in serious safety issues. Here we report a novel lithium metal-free battery consisting of a Li2S/mesoporous carbon composite cathode and a silicon nanowire anode. This new battery yields a theoretical specific energy or 1550 Wh kg(-1), which is four times that of the theoretical specific energy of existing lithium-ion batteries based on LiCoO2 cathodes and graphite anodes (similar to 410 Wh kg(-1)). The nanostructured design of both electrodes assists in overcoming the issues associated with using sulfur compounds and silicon in lithium-ion batteries, including poor electrical conductivity, significant structural changes, and volume expansion. We have experimentally realized an initial discharge specific energy of 630 Wh kg(-1) based on the mass of the active electrode materials.