Ensemble-averaged QM/MM kinetic isotope effects for the S(N)2 reaction of cyanide anions with chloroethane in DMSO solution.

Ensemble-averaged QM/MM kinetic isotope effects for the S(N)2 reaction of cyanide anions with chloroethane in DMSO solution.
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DMSO 溶液中氰化物阴离子与氯乙烷发生 S(N)2 反应的整体平均 QM/MM 动力学同位素效应。

DOI:
10.1002/chem.201200443
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Ruiz Pernía JJ
Ruiz Pernía JJ
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Ruiz Pernía JJ

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溶剂波动的存在导致反应物态(RS)和过渡态(TS)构型的分布,这意味着性质计算必须包括对单个构型的值分布的适当平均。30°C DMSO溶液中NC−+EtCl→NCEt+Cl−的平均动力学同位素效应最好是在所有RS和TS构型的同位素配分函数比分别平均为<fRS>/<fTS>时获得。通过这种方法,杂化AM1/ ops‐AA电位在正确的方向上产生了该反应的所有六个同位素取代(2°α‐2H2, 2°β‐2H3, α‐11C/14C,留下基团37cl,亲核13c和15n)。这些热平均计算的KIEs可以与实验进行有意义的比较,其中只有一个与实验值的大小相差超过平均值的一个标准差。这一成功与以前基于传统方法的不平均的KIE计算形成了对比。同位素配分函数比的最佳评估方法是使用从Hessians获得的所有(内部)振动和(外部)振动频率来确定原子子集,松弛到局部极小值或鞍点,在冷冻溶剂环境中沿着RS和TS的分子动力学轨迹取样的结构。从而为研究溶液中的化学反应机制或酶催化的化学反应机制提供了一个有用的工具。
The existence of solvent fluctuations leads to populations of reactant‐state (RS) and transition‐state (TS) configurations and implies that property calculations must include appropriate averaging over distributions of values for individual configurations. Average kinetic isotope effects for NC−+EtCl→NCEt+Cl−in DMSO solution at 30 °C are best obtained as the ratio <fRS>/<fTS> of isotopic partition function ratios separately averaged over all RS and TS configurations. In this way the hybrid AM1/OPLS‐AA potential yields values for all six isotopic substitutions (2° α‐2H2, 2° β‐2H3, α‐11C/14C, leaving group37Cl, and nucleophile13C and15N) for this reaction in the correct direction as measured experimentally. These thermally‐averaged calculated KIEs may be compared meaningfully with experiment, and only one of them differs in magnitude from the experimental value by more than one standard deviation from the mean. This success contrasts with previous KIE calculations based upon traditional methods without averaging. The isotopic partition function ratios are best evaluated using all (internal) vibrational and (external) librational frequencies obtained from Hessians determined for subsets of atoms, relaxed to local minima or saddle points, within frozen solvent environments of structures sampled along molecular dynamics trajectories for RS and TS. The current method may perfectly well be implemented with other QM or QM/MM methods, and thus provides a useful tool for investigating KIEs in relation to studies of chemical reaction mechanisms in solution or catalyzed by enzymes.
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