BASIC NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOTOR-SKILLS IN SPORT - A REVIEW
BASIC NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOTOR-SKILLS IN SPORT - A REVIEW
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2008-1025805
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
LANGER, HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HENATSCH, HD;LANGER, HH
运动技能的广泛性，对力量、速度、耐力、协调性和灵活性的高要求，是人类运动表现的最大挑战之一。然而，运动中的基本神经生理机制与日常运动行为中的基本神经生理机制没有主要区别。本文综述了近年来神经生理学研究的新发现和传统观念的改变。从简单到越来越复杂的过程，以下章节，每个有几个副主题，将被处理：（1）周边和脊髓的运动积木;（2）脊髓的基本语法;（3）在脑干脊髓/脊髓上协调的一些方面;（4）大脑运动控制的成就和问题;（5）运动学习的原则在体育运动。总之，运动系统神经生理学研究的最新进展使人们认识到一个新的趋势，即“范式”的改变：反射链和运动功能的旧机械概念，就像一个复杂的自动机，越来越多地被感知、规划和自我操作主体的思想所取代，这种主体的心理过程对运动行为起决定性作用，特别是在运动中。运动科学与神经心理生理学的发展，可望进一步相互促进和支持。
The broad spectrum of skills in sport, with their high demands on strength, speed, endurance, coordination, and flexibility, represents one of the greatest challenges to human motor performances. However, the basic neurophysiological mechanisms in sport are not principally different from those in everyday motojr acts. This review describes some of the relevant neurophysiological facts in a comprehensive frame, with emphasis on new findings and changes of traditional concepts. Going from simple to increasingly complex processes, the following chapters, each with several subtopics, will be treated:(1) peripheral and spinal building blocks of motoricity;(2) elementary grammar of the spinal cord;(3) some aspects of spinal/supraspinal coordination in the brainstem;(4) achievements and problems of cerebral motor control; and (5) principles of motor learning in sport. In conclusion, the recent progress in neurophysiological research on motor systems allows recognition of a substantially new trend, a change of “paradigms": old mechanistic concepts of reflex chains and motor functions, like a complicated automaton, are increasingly replaced by the idea of a sensing, planning, and self-operating subject whose mental processes are decisive for motor behavior, particularly in sport. Further mutual stimulation and support can be expected from this development between the science of sport and that of neuro-and psychophysiology.