Crop diversity benefits carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes with semi-natural habitats
Crop diversity benefits carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes with semi-natural habitats
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13712
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发表时间：
2020-08-12
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Bommarco, Riccardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aguilera, Guillermo;Roslin, Tomas;Bommarco, Riccardo
在农业景观中，节肢动物提供重要的生态系统服务，如生物害虫控制和授粉。强化的作物管理措施和景观的同质化导致了这些生物的减少。与大量节肢动物相关的半自然栖息地正日益从农业景观中消失，但人们提出通过增加作物多样性来实现多样化，以扭转节肢动物数量下降的趋势，从而恢复生态系统服务。然而，景观中作物类型多样性的增加是否会促进授粉和食肉节肢动物的多样性和丰度，以及半自然栖息地如何改变这种关系，目前还没有得到很好的理解。为了测试景观中作物多样性和半自然栖息地的比例如何与有益节肢动物群落的多样性和丰度相关，我们收集了2007年至2017年期间瑞典南部154个农田的天敌（瓢虫和蜘蛛）和传粉者（蜜蜂和食蚜蝇）的七项研究的主要数据。在半自然生境丰富的景观中，农田周围1 km半径内的作物多样性与昆虫和传粉昆虫群落的Shannon多样性指数呈正相关。丰度主要受景观中半自然生境比例的影响，随着半自然生境比例的增加，授粉昆虫数量减少，传粉昆虫数量增加。蜘蛛对作物多样性和半自然栖息地的比例都没有反应。合成与应用。研究表明，保护半自然生境和促进农业景观作物多样性是加强天敌和传粉者群落的必要共同努力。我们的研究结果表明，增加作物类型的多样性有助于提供服务的节肢动物群落的保护，特别是当作物多样性针对具有高比例半自然栖息地的复杂景观时。
In agricultural landscapes, arthropods provide essential ecosystem services such as biological pest control and pollination. Intensified crop management practices and homogenization of landscapes have led to declines among such organisms. Semi-natural habitats, associated with high numbers of these organisms, are increasingly lost from agricultural landscapes but diversification by increasing crop diversity has been proposed as a way to reverse observed arthropod declines and thus restore ecosystem services. However, whether or not an increase in the diversity of crop types within a landscape promotes diversity and abundances of pollinating and predaceous arthropods, and how semi-natural habitats might modify this relationship, are not well understood. To test how crop diversity and the proportion of semi-natural habitats within a landscape are related to the diversity and abundance of beneficial arthropod communities, we collected primary data from seven studies focusing on natural enemies (carabids and spiders) and pollinators (bees and hoverflies) from 154 crop fields in Southern Sweden between 2007 and 2017. Crop diversity within a 1-km radius around each field was positively related to the Shannon diversity index of carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes rich in semi-natural habitats. Abundances were mainly affected by the proportion of semi-natural habitats in the landscape, with decreasing carabid and increasing pollinator numbers as the proportion of this habitat type increased. Spiders showed no response to either crop diversity or the proportion of semi-natural habitats. Synthesis and applications. We show that the joint effort of preserving semi-natural habitats and promoting crop diversity in agricultural landscapes is necessary to enhance communities of natural enemies and pollinators. Our results suggest that increasing the diversity of crop types can contribute to the conservation of service-providing arthropod communities, particularly if the diversification of crops targets complex landscapes with a high proportion of semi-natural habitats.