"To eat or not to be eaten?" Collective risk-monitoring in groups
"To eat or not to be eaten?" Collective risk-monitoring in groups
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.003
复制
发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Tamura, Ryo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kameda, Tatsuya;Tamura, Ryo
在我们现代生活的许多关键方面，风险监测的重要性日益增加。本文探讨了个人如何监测这种风险，通过扩展动物觅食的行为生态模型，以人类群体集体。正如动物必须在捕食风险下觅食一样，人类必须在觅食活动和风险监测活动之间分配宝贵的物质和心理资源。我们预测，博弈论方面的组的情况复杂化这样的权衡决定在资源分配，最终产生一个混合均衡组。当达到均衡时，只有一部分成员参与风险监测活动，而其他成员则搭便车，主要集中在自己的觅食活动上。在中等风险下进行觅食的实验组支持了这一预测，然而，当风险水平设置较高时，“羊群行为”（符合优势行为）干扰了平衡的出现。风险管理的影响进行了讨论。(c)2006年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The importance of risk-monitoring has been increasing in many key aspects of our modern lives. This paper examines how individuals monitor such risks collectively by extending a behavioral ecological model of animal foraging to human groups. Just as animals must forage for food under predatory risk, humans must divide valuable material and psychological resources between foraging activity and risk-monitoring activity. We predicted that game-theoretic aspects of the group situation complicate such a trade-off decision in resource allocation, eventually yielding a mixed equilibrium in a group. When the equilibrium is reached, only a subset of members engage in the risk-monitoring activity while others free-ride, concentrating mainly on their own foraging activity. Laboratory groups engaging in foraging under moderate risk provided a support to this prediction, When the risk-level was set higher, however, "herding behavior" (conforming to the dominant behavior) interfered with the emergence of equilibrium. Implications for risk management are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.