Quantifying the Employment Accessibility Benefits of Shared Automated Vehicle Mobility Services: Consumer Welfare Approach Using Logsums
Quantifying the Employment Accessibility Benefits of Shared Automated Vehicle Mobility Services: Consumer Welfare Approach Using Logsums
复制标题
量化共享自动驾驶汽车出行服务的就业便利性效益：使用对数的消费者福利方法
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3668040
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Arash Ghaffar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanjeeb Ahmed;Michael F. Hyland;Navjyoth J. S. Sarma;S. Mitra;Arash Ghaffar
这项研究的目标是评估和量化在考虑到工作人口的异质性的情况下，共享使用的自动车辆(AV)移动服务(SAMS)模式在大而不同的大都市地区的潜在就业可及性好处。为了达到这一目标，本研究建议采用基于福利(即基于对数和)的可达性测量，通过估计分层的工作目的地-通勤模式选择模型来获得。就业无障碍对数和衡量标准包括工人住所和就业机会的空间分布、可用通勤方式的属性以及工人个人的特点。研究进一步利用潜在阶层分析(LCA)方法来捕捉劳动者的异质性，以解释不同的劳动者集群对不同类型的就业机会的不同评价，其中劳动者的社会人口特征是LCA模型的输入。南加州的可达性分析结果显示：(I)潜在阶层之间的无障碍效益差异不大，但年轻工人和低收入工人确实比高收入和中等收入工人看到了更高的效益；(Ii)无障碍效益存在显著的空间差异，居住在低密度地区的工人比生活在高密度地区的工人受益更多；(Iii)几乎所有的无障碍效益都来自仅使用SAMS的模式，而不是SAMS+公共交通模式；以及(Iv)SAMS每英里成本假设显著影响总体就业无障碍效益的大小。
The goal of this study is to assess and quantify the potential employment accessibility benefits of shared-use automated vehicle (AV) mobility service (SAMS) modes across a large diverse metropolitan region considering heterogeneity in the working population. To meet this goal, this study proposes employing a welfare-based (i.e. logsum-based) measure of accessibility, obtained via estimating a hierarchical work destination-commute mode choice model. The employment accessibility logsum measure incorporates the spatial distribution of worker residences and employment opportunities, the attributes of the available commute modes, and the characteristics of individual workers. The study further captures heterogeneity of workers using a latent class analysis (LCA) approach to account for different worker clusters valuing different types of employment opportunities differently, in which the socio-demographic characteristics of workers are the LCA model inputs. The accessibility analysis results in Southern California indicate: (i) the accessibility benefit differences across latent classes are modest but young workers and low-income workers do see higher benefits than high- and middle-income workers; (ii) there are substantial spatial differences in accessibility benefits with workers living in lower density areas benefiting more than workers living in high-density areas; (iii) nearly all the accessibility benefits come from the SAMS-only mode as opposed to the SAMS+Transit mode; and (iv) the SAMS cost per mile assumption significantly impacts the magnitude of the overall employment accessibility benefits.