Drip fertigation promotes water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability through improved root growth for tomatoes in plastic greenhouse production
Drip fertigation promotes water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability through improved root growth for tomatoes in plastic greenhouse production
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2021.107379
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发表时间：
2021-02-26
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Lin, Shan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hu, Jing;Gettel, Gretchen;Lin, Shan
滴灌施肥与常规漫灌和过量施肥相比，提高了水氮利用效率，减少了氮素淋失。然而，目前还不清楚这是否也提高了产量稳定性，可能是通过改善根系生长。采用随机区组设计，在11个生长季内进行了滴灌与漫灌施肥、秸秆施用与不施用秸秆的2因素田间试验，试验期为6年，试验处理为：（i）漫灌过量施肥（常规施肥，以下简称CIF）;（ii）CIF +秸秆;（iii）滴灌施肥减少灌溉和施肥（以下简称DIF）;（iv）DIF +秸秆。CIF处理的施氮量为600 mm + 900 kg N ha-1 season-1，DIF处理的施氮量为300 mm + 200 kg N ha-1 season-1。采用生长芯法测定了根干重、根长密度和比根长等根系生长特性。测定并计算了番茄产量的水氮利用效率和年际变异系数。秸秆对任何测量的变量都没有显着影响，但CIF和DIF处理存在显着差异。与CIF相比，DIF的水分利用效率高101%（p < 0.05; 25 kg m-3），部分氮肥生产率高296%（p < 0.05; 423 kg kg kg-1 N）。此外，番茄产量的年际变异系数在DIF处理中为18%。与CIF处理相比，DIF处理0-30 cm深度的根干重（+31%）和根长密度（+34%）显着较高，但在30-50 cm深度较低（分别为7%和11%）。与秋冬生长季相比，冬春生长季显著提高了根干重和番茄产量，降低了产量的年际变异系数（p <0. 05），但各处理对这些季节差异影响不显著。研究结果表明，滴灌施肥能够促进蔬菜根系生长，提高资源利用效率和生产稳定性，是一种可持续的节水和降低环境污染风险的有效技术。
Drip fertigation increases water and nitrogen use efficiency, and reduces nitrogen leaching in comparison to conventional flood irrigation and over fertilization in plastic greenhouse vegetable production. However, it is unknown whether this also improves yield stability, possibly through improved root growth. A two-factor field trial was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with drip vs. flood fertigation and with vs. without straw application over eleven growing seasons for six years with following treatments: (i) flood irrigation with over fertilization (conventional practice, hereafter CIF); (ii) CIF + Straw; (iii) drip fertigation with reduced irrigation and fertilization (hereafter DIF); (iv) DIF + Straw. The CIF treatments had application rates of 600 mm + 900 kg N ha-1 season-1 and DIF had 300 mm + 200 kg N ha-1 season-1. The ingrowth core method was used to measure root-growth characteristics, including root dry weight, root length density and specific root length. The water and nitrogen use efficiency and the inter-annual variation coefficient of tomato yield were also measured and calculated. There was no significant effect of straw on any of the variables measured, but there were significant differences related to CIF and DIF treatments. DIF had 101 % higher water use efficiency (p < 0.05; 25 kg m-3) and 296 % higher partial nitrogen fertilizer productivity (p < 0.05; 423 kg kg-1 N) in comparison to CIF. Furthermore, the inter-annual coefficient of variation in tomato yield was less in the DIF treatment by 18 %. Root dry weight (+31 %) and root length density (+34 %) for the DIF treatment were significantly higher for the 0-30 cm depth as compared to the CIF treatment, but lower at 30-50 cm depth (7 % and 11 %, respectively). Compared with autumn-winter growing season, winter-spring season significantly increased root dry weight and tomato yield and reduced inter-annual variation coefficient of yield (p < 0.05), and meanwhile the treatments did not significantly affect these seasonal differences. Our results highlight that drip fertigation improves the resource use efficiency and production stability due to the promotion of better root growth in plastic shed vegetable production regardless of growing season, and is therefore a more sustainable and effective technology of saving water and reducing risk of environment pollution.