How paranoid are conspiracy believers? Toward a more fine-grained understanding of the connect and disconnect between paranoia and belief in conspiracy theories
How paranoid are conspiracy believers? Toward a more fine-grained understanding of the connect and disconnect between paranoia and belief in conspiracy theories
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DOI：
10.1002/ejsp.2494
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Lamberty, Pia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Imhoff, Roland;Lamberty, Pia
公共话语和学术文献经常在偏执思想和阴谋论信仰之间建立强烈的联系。我们报告了一个荟萃分析和两个相关性研究在两个不同的文化背景下（总N = 578），以提供一个估计，他们的协会，但也通过多性状，多方法的方法为他们的独特性的证据。而元分析（k = 11研究）提供了支持偏执狂和阴谋信念之间的可靠关联，两个额外的研究提供了直接的证据，其独特性和不同的关联与其他结构。虽然两者都假设他人的险恶意图，但对阴谋论的信仰更具体地体现在这些他人是谁（强大的群体）而不是偏执狂（每个人）。相比之下，偏执狂在消极意图的目标是谁（自我）方面比阴谋理论（整个社会）更受限制。鉴于这一点，以及阴谋信念与政治控制和信任而不是（间）个人控制和信任（如偏执狂）的不同关联，我们建议将两者视为不同的（尽管相关）结构，与作为自我相关信念的偏执狂相比，阴谋信念反映了政治态度。
Public discourse and scholarly literature often make a strong connection between paranoid thought and belief in conspiracy theories. We report one meta-analysis and two correlational studies across two distinct cultural contexts (total N = 578) to provide an estimate for their association but also evidence for their distinctiveness via a multi-trait-multi-method approach. Whereas the meta-analysis (k = 11 studies) provided support for a reliable association between paranoia and conspiracy beliefs, the two additional studies provide direct evidence for their distinctiveness and divergent associations with other constructs. Although both assume sinister intentions of others, beliefs in conspiracy theories are more specific in who these others are (powerful groups) than paranoia (everyone). In contrast, paranoia was more restricted in terms of who the target of the negative intentions is (the self) than conspiracy theorizing (society as a whole). In light of this and distinct associations of conspiracy beliefs with political control and trust but not (inter-)personal control and trust (like paranoia), we propose to treat the two as distinct (albeit correlated) constructs with conspiracy beliefs reflecting a political attitude compared to paranoia as a self-relevant belief.