Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium
Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium
复制标题
了解季节性的进化影响：研讨会简介
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icx122
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Marshall, Katie E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, Caroline M;Ragland, Gregory J;Betini, Gustavo;Buckley, Lauren B;Cheviron, Zachary A;Donohue, Kathleen;Hereford, Joe;Humphries, Murray M;Lisovski, Simeon;Marshall, Katie E
季节性是环境变化的一个至关重要的方面，并强烈塑造生活在高度季节性环境中的生物体的生活的各个方面。季节性在产生生物多样性方面发挥了关键作用，并推动了极端生理适应和行为的进化，如迁移和冬眠。夏季和冬季之间的生存和繁殖力的波动选择压力提供了一个复杂的选择景观，这可以通过适应性进化的三个结果的组合来满足：遗传多态性，表型可塑性和赌注对冲。在这里，我们确定了四个重要的研究问题，目的是促进我们对季节性进化影响的理解。首先，我们问环境和物种的特征将如何决定哪种适应性反应发生。相关特征包括线索的可塑性、可预测性和可靠性的成本和限制，以及相对于生成时间的环境变化颗粒。第二个重要的问题是，物候变化如何放大或改善生理抗性的选择。尽管气候变化，物候的变化可以保护热生态位，但可能无法完全保护生态位，甚至可能使生命阶段暴露于导致死亡的条件下。考虑生命史各阶段不同的环境敏感性将是改进预测气候变化敏感性的模型的关键。第三，我们必须确定关键的生理表型，季节性适应的基础，并努力了解这些反应的遗传结构。这些架构是预测进化反应的关键。调节对季节变化的多重反应的多效性基因可能有助于功能相关性状之间的协调，或者相反，可能会限制最佳表型的表达。最后，我们必须进一步了解季节性波动的变化如何影响生态相互作用网络。我们应该超越简单的二元相互作用，如捕食者-被捕食者动态，并了解这些相互作用如何扩大到影响生态相互作用网络。由于全球气候变化改变了季节变化的许多方面，包括极端事件和平均条件的变化，生物体必须做出适当的反应，否则就会灭绝。适应季节性的结果将决定对气候变化的反应。
Seasonality is a critically important aspect of environmental variability, and strongly shapes all aspects of life for organisms living in highly seasonal environments. Seasonality has played a key role in generating biodiversity, and has driven the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations and behaviors such as migration and hibernation. Fluctuating selection pressures on survival and fecundity between summer and winter provide a complex selective landscape, which can be met by a combination of three outcomes of adaptive evolution: genetic polymorphism, phenotypic plasticity, and bet-hedging. Here, we have identified four important research questions with the goal of advancing our understanding of evolutionary impacts of seasonality. First, we ask how characteristics of environments and species will determine which adaptive response occurs. Relevant characteristics include costs and limits of plasticity, predictability, and reliability of cues, and grain of environmental variation relative to generation time. A second important question is how phenological shifts will amplify or ameliorate selection on physiological hardiness. Shifts in phenology can preserve the thermal niche despite shifts in climate, but may fail to completely conserve the niche or may even expose life stages to conditions that cause mortality. Considering distinct environmental sensitivities of life history stages will be key to refining models that forecast susceptibility to climate change. Third, we must identify critical physiological phenotypes that underlie seasonal adaptation and work toward understanding the genetic architectures of these responses. These architectures are key for predicting evolutionary responses. Pleiotropic genes that regulate multiple responses to changing seasons may facilitate coordination among functionally related traits, or conversely may constrain the expression of optimal phenotypes. Finally, we must advance our understanding of how changes in seasonal fluctuations are impacting ecological interaction networks. We should move beyond simple dyadic interactions, such as predator prey dynamics, and understand how these interactions scale up to affect ecological interaction networks. As global climate change alters many aspects of seasonal variability, including extreme events and changes in mean conditions, organisms must respond appropriately or go extinct. The outcome of adaptation to seasonality will determine responses to climate change.