Cyberlibertarian myths and the prospects for community
Cyberlibertarian myths and the prospects for community
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网络自由主义神话和社区前景
DOI：
10.1145/270858.270864
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Winner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Winner
世纪后期，我们世界的变化之一是与社会实践交织在一起的大量物质人工制品的数字化转型。在一个又一个地方，人们实际上在说：让我们把现在存在的东西重组或以数字格式取代它。让我们把银行出纳员，那个坐在柜台后面拿着小纸片和一台加法机的人，换成一台24小时开放的自动取款机。让我们把模拟录音和黑胶唱片换成CD，在CD中，音乐被编码成数字比特流。或者让我们将有老师、黑板、书籍和口头交流的课堂换成计算机硬件和软件中呈现的材料，并称之为“交互式学习”。在一个又一个案例中，向计算机化和数字化的转变意味着许多先前存在的文化形式突然变得流动起来，失去了它们以前的形状，因为它们被重新调整以适应计算机化的表达。随着新模式的固化，有用的人工制品和围绕它们的人际关系的结构通常与以前存在的有很大不同。这个过程相当于一个巨大的，正在进行的实验，其长期后果没有人完全清楚。在思考与新电子产品相关的惊人变革时，有思想的人需要问：什么样的个人行为、社会关系、法律的和政治规范以及持久的制度将从这场剧变中产生？更重要的是，我们希望在这些环境中出现什么样的实践、关系、规则和制度。据我所知，这次会议的目的之一就是研究这类哲学问题。但在我们继续研究之前，值得注意的是，事实上，在这个领域已经形成了一种哲学，一种广泛流行的意识形态，主导了今天关于网络计算的大部分讨论。这种哲学的一个合适的名字是网络自由主义，一个思想的集合，它将对电子媒介生活形式的狂热与激进的右翼自由主义思想联系起来，这些思想是关于未来几年自由，社会生活，经济和政治的正确定义。任何对计算机和社会进行哲学思考的尝试都必须以某种方式接受这种广泛观点的广泛吸引力，以及它的挑战和缺点。这些天来，这种意识形态在很多地方都有宣传。…
O ne of the changes in our world that characterizes the I late twentieth century is the digital transformation of an astonishingly wide range of material artifacts inter-woven with social practices. In one location after another, people are saying in effect: Let us take what exists nowand restructure or replace it in digital format. Let's take the bank teller, the person sitting behind the counter with little scraps of paper and an adding machine and replace it with an ATM accessible 24 hours a day. Let's take analog recording and the vinyl LP and replace it with the compact disc in which music is encoded as a stream of digital bits. Or let's take the classroom with the teacher, blackboard , books, and verbal interchange and replace it with materials presented in computer hardware and software and call it "in-teractive learning". In case after case, the move to computerize and digitize means that many preexisting cultural forms have suddenly gone liquid, losing their former shape as they are retailored for computerized expression. As new patterns solidify, both useful artifacts and the texture of human relations that surrounds them are often much different from what existed previously. This process amounts to a vast, ongoing experiment whose long term ramifications no one fully comprehends. As they ponder astonishing transformations associated with the new electronics, thoughtful people need to ask: What kinds of personal practices, social relations, legal and political norms, and lasting institutions will emerge from this upheaval? More importantly, what kinds of practices, relations, rules, and institutions do we want to emerge in these settings. As I understand it, one purpose of this conference is to examine philosophical issues of this kind. But before we forge ahead with our inquiries, it is worth noting that, in fact, a philosophy of sorts has already taken shape in this domain, a widely popular ideology that dominates much of today's discussion on networked computing. A suitable name for this philosophy is cyberlibertarianism, a collection of ideas that links ecstatic enthusiasm for electronically mediated forms of living with radical, right wing libertarian ideas about the proper definition of freedom, social life, economics, and politics in the years to come. Any attempt to philosophize about computers and society must somehow come to terms with the wide appeal of this widespread perspective, its challenges and shortcomings. The ideology is announced in a great many places these days. …