INFANTS INTERMODAL PERCEPTION OF 2 LEVELS OF TEMPORAL STRUCTURE IN NATURAL EVENTS
INFANTS INTERMODAL PERCEPTION OF 2 LEVELS OF TEMPORAL STRUCTURE IN NATURAL EVENTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0163-6383(87)90039-7
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发表时间：
1987-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
BAHRICK, LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BAHRICK, LE
本研究通过四个实验考察了幼儿对自然复杂事件的视觉和听觉刺激的两个时间结构水平的通道间知觉。电影描绘了一个单一的对象（单一的，大的，大理石）和一个复合对象（一组较小的大理石）碰撞表面在一个不规则的模式，提出了3和7 1/2个月大的婴儿之间使用的联运偏好和搜索方法。这些刺激事件描绘了两个层次的不变的时间结构：（a）时间同步统一的景象和声音的对象的影响，和（B）时间的微观结构，内部的时间结构的每个影响声音和运动，指定的组成对象（单一与复合）。实验1表明，6个月的婴儿检测到的听觉和视觉刺激从这些事件之间的关系时，两个层次的不变的时间结构指导他们的联运探索。实验2表明，6个月的婴儿检测到的双峰时间的微观结构，指定对象组成。他们主要看的是播放自然配乐的电影，即使两部电影中物体的运动与配乐是同步的。实验3评估婴儿对时间同步关系的敏感性。放映了两部描绘同一构成物体的电影，但其中只有一部的动作与适当的配乐同步。4 1/2和6个月大的孩子都表现出在某些条件下检测时间同步关系的证据。实验4研究了时间同步性和时间微观结构如何在指导多式联运探索中相互作用。其中一个物体的自然声音与两者的运动不同步。与实验2的结果相反，6个月大的婴儿没有表现出检测到电影和其适当的配乐之间的关系的证据。这表明，时间上的模糊干扰了他们对指定物体组成的时间微观结构的检测。这些研究结果支持了关于通道间知觉发展的不变检测观点。
Infants'' intermodal perception of two levels of temporal structure uniting the visual and acoustic stimulation from natural, complex events was investigated in four experiments. Films depicting a single object (single, large, marble) and a compound object (group of smaller marbles) colliding against a surface in an erratic pattern were presented to infants between 3 and 7 1/2 months of age using an intermodal preference and search method. These stimulus events portrayed two levels of invariant temporal structure: (a) temporal synchrony united the sights and sounds of object impact, and (b) temporal microstructure, the internal temporal structure of each impact sound and motion, specified the composition of the object (single vs. compound). Experiment 1 demonstrated that by 6 months infants detected a relation between the audible and visible stimulation from these events when both levels of invariant temporal structure guided their intermodal exploration. Experiment 2 revealed that by 6 months infants detected the bimodal temporal microstructure specifying object composition. They looked predominantly to the film whose natural soundtrack was played even though the motions of objects in both films were synchronized with the soundtrack. Experiment 3 assessed infants'' sensitivity to temporal synchrony relations. Two films depicting objects of the same composition were presented while the motions of only one of them was synchronized with the appropriate soundtrack. Both 4 1/2- and 6-month-olds showed evidence of detecting temporal synchrony relations under some conditions. Experiments 4 examined how temporal synchrony and temporal microstructure interact in directing intermodal exploration. The natural soundtrack to one of the objects was played out-of-synchrony with the motions of both. In contrast with the results of Experiment 2, infants at 6 months showed no evidence of detecting a relationship between the film and its appropriate soundtrack. This suggests that the temporal asynchrony disrupted their detection of the temporal microstructure specifying object composition. Results of these studies support on invariant-detection view of the development of intermodal preception.