Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence: National panel results from three countries
Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence: National panel results from three countries
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DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200202000-00013
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Pevalin, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wade, TJ;Cairney, J;Pevalin, DJ
目的：虽然成年人抑郁症的性别差异已经得到了很好的证实，但这种现象在青春期出现的年龄却不太清楚。为了解决这个问题，作者提出了一个跨国家检查的出现在青春期抑郁症的性别差距，使用来自加拿大，英国和美国的国家纵向面板数据。方法：1994-1996年两波加拿大全国人口健康调查采用了24个月间隔的诊断措施，提供了12个月的严重抑郁症患病率。英国青年小组从1995年开始每年五次测量抑郁症。1995-1996年两波全国青少年健康纵向研究使用了一种跨越12个月间隔的抑郁性精神病学测量方法。结果：女性有显着更高的抑郁率为每个样本的整体。当样本按年龄分解时，在所有三个国家样本中，抑郁症的性别差距在14岁时一致出现，无论使用何种措施，或者是否使用分类截止值或未转换的量表评分来评估抑郁症。结论：在所有三个国家和措施中，14岁时抑郁症的性别差距存在一致的模式。这种一致性提供了重要的病因线索，有关抑郁症的根本原因，并确定在什么年龄诊断，治疗和干预策略应该针对。
Objective: Although the gender gap in depression among adults is well established, the age at which this phenomenon appears during adolescence is less clear. To address this, the authors present a cross-national examination of the emergence of the gender gap in depression during adolescence using national longitudinal panel data from Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. Method: The two-wave, 1994-1996 Canadian National Population Health Survey uses a diagnostic measure across a 24-month interval, providing 12-month prevalence rates of major depressive disorder. The British Youth Panel measures depressive symptomatology across five annual waves beginning in 1995. The two-wave, 1995-1996 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health uses a measure of depressive symptomatology across a 12-month interval. Results: Females have significantly higher rates of depression for each sample overall. When samples are decomposed by age, the gender gap in depression consistently emerges by age 14 across all three national samples, irrespective of the measure used or whether categorical cutoffs or untransformed scale scores are used to assess depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: There is a consistent pattern in the onset of the gender gap in depression at age 14 across all three countries and measures. This consistency provides important etiologic clues concerning underlying causes of depression and identifies at what age diagnosis, treatment, and intervention strategies should be directed.