CIGARETTE-SMOKING, RELATIVE WEIGHT, AND MENOPAUSE
CIGARETTE-SMOKING, RELATIVE WEIGHT, AND MENOPAUSE
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113598
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
HENNEKENS, CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WILLETT, W;STAMPFER, MJ;HENNEKENS, CH
与绝经相关的因素可能与乳腺癌等生殖依赖性肿瘤的发病率有关，已知乳腺癌与绝经年龄有关。为了研究吸烟、相对体重和自然绝经发生的相互关系，作者前瞻性地评估了1976年绝经前的66，663名女性（美国）注册护士的经验。在2年期间，5004名妇女绝经后。目前的吸烟者比过去或从未吸烟者更有可能发展更年期，尽管吸烟的影响随着年龄的增长而减弱。年龄在30-39岁、40-44岁、45-49岁和50-55岁的女性中，目前吸烟者与从不吸烟者的绝经率比（95%置信限）分别为1.90（1.10-3.28）、2.16（1.73-2.69）、1.53（1.41-1.67）和1.20（1.12-1.28）。这些比率没有受到相对重量调整的明显影响。从不吸烟的妇女绝经时的中位年龄为52.4岁，目前每天吸烟1-14支、15-24支、25-34支和35支或更多支的妇女绝经时的中位年龄为51.9岁、51.0岁、50.7岁和50.4岁。观察到相对体重与绝经发生率之间存在粗略的线性关系。比较最瘦和最重的五分位数，30-39岁、40-44岁、45-49岁和50-55岁妇女的绝经率比分别为1.42（0.74-2.75）、1.26（0.95-1.69）、1.25（1.13-1.41）和1.08（0.99-1.19）。相对体重的影响在一定程度上是由于目前吸烟者的体重倾向于低于不吸烟者。在调整了目前的吸烟量后，吸烟妇女的相对体重与绝经之间仍存在微弱的线性关系，尽管在非吸烟者中没有发现这种关系。
Factors related to menopause are likely to be related to the incidence of hormonally dependent tumors such as breast cancer, which is known to be associated with age at menopause. To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of 66,663 female (USA) registered nurses who were premenopausal in 1976. Over a 2 yr period, 5004 women became postmenopausal. Current smokers were more likely than past or never smokers to develop menopause, although the effects of smoking diminished with age. The rate ratios of menopause for current smokers vs. never smokers (with 95% confidence limits) for women aged 30-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-55 yr were 1.90 (1.10-3.28), 2.16 (1.73-2.69), 1.53 (1.41-1.67), and 1.20 (1.12-1.28). These rate ratios were not appreciably affected by adjustment for relative weight. Median ages at menopause were 52.4 for never smokers and 51.9, 51.0, 50.7, and 50.4 years for women who currently smoked 1-14, 15-24, 25-34, and 35 or more cigarettes/day. A crude linear relationship between relative weight and occurrence of menopause was observed. Comparing the leanest and heaviest quintiles, rate ratios for menopause among women aged 30-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-55 years were 1.42 (0.74-2.75), 1.26 (0.95-1.69), 1.25 (1.13-1.41) and 1.08 (0.99-1.19). The effect of relative weigh was in part explained by the tendency of current smokers to weigh less than nonsmokers. After adjustment for current cigarette consumption a weak linear relationship between relative weight and menopause remained among women who smoked, although no such association was seen among nonsmokers.