Locating the Ecocentric Self: Inuit Concepts of Mental Health and Illness
Locating the Ecocentric Self: Inuit Concepts of Mental Health and Illness
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定位以生态为中心的自我：因纽特人的心理健康和疾病概念
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发表时间：
2008
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Watt
中科院分区：
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作者：
Laurence J. Kirmayer;C. Fletcher;R. Watt
在本章中，我们根据魁北克努纳维克的民族志研究和临床咨询，提出了对因纽特人心理健康概念的一些思考。我们的目标是确定相关的文化知识和精神卫生服务，促进和规划的做法。与此同时，我们希望展示当代心理健康和疾病的知识是一个复杂和不断变化的结果，文化模式的痛苦，熟悉各种当代形式的咨询和治疗实践，流行的理论通过大众媒体传播，以及生活方式迅速变化的迫切需要。加拿大有5万多人自认为是因纽特人（加拿大统计局，2008年）。大多数人生活在北纬50度以上的努纳武特和努纳维克（北方魁北克）地区，尽管越来越多的人生活在加拿大的主要城市（见图13.1）。因纽特人是世界上研究最深入的民族之一，因为他们在北极严酷环境中的长期生存史吸引了探险家和人类学家的想象力。近年来，随着对土地的控制不断加强，并有系统地努力记录其历史和传统知识，加拿大各地的因努伊特人开始关注如何保持或恢复其传统的重要内容和价值观，同时促进其人民作为现代多元文化国家中平等公民的福祉。由于因纽特人社区的文化、社会和经济变化的新近程度和强度，这一挑战尤其严峻，这导致了几代人之间的经验发生根本性的脱节（Brody 1975）。社区中的许多老人
In this chapter, we present some reflections on Inuit concepts of mental health based on ethnographic research and clinical consultations in Nunavik, Quebec. Our aim is to identify cultural knowledge and practices relevant to mental health services, promotion, and planning. At the same time, we hope to show how contemporary knowledge of mental health and illness is a complex and shifting outcome of cultural models of affliction, familiarity with a variety of contemporary forms of counselling and healing practices, popular theories spread through mass media, and the exigencies of a rapidly changing way of life. More than 50,000 people in Canada identify themselves as Inuit (Statistics Canada 2008). Most live above the 50th parallel in the territories of Nunavut and Nunavik (northern Quebec), although increasing numbers make their lives in the major cities of Canada (see Figure 13.1). The Inuit have been among the most intensively studied peoples in the world since their long history of survival in the stark environment of the Arctic has captured the imagination of explorers and anthropologists. In recent years, with increasing control over their land and systematic efforts to record their history and traditional knowledge, Inuit across Canada have become concerned with how to maintain or recuperate the vital elements and values of their tradition while advancing the well-being of their people as equal citizens within a modern multicultural nation. This challenge is especially acute because of the recency and intensity of cultural, social, and economic change in Inuit communities, which has led to radical disjunctures between the experience of the generations (Brody 1975). Many Elders in the communities