Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings
Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
McCrae, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, PT;Terracciano, A;McCrae, RR
对来自 26 个文化（N = 23,031）的修订版 NEO 人格量表数据进行的二次分析表明，相对于性别内的个体差异，性别差异很小；大学年龄和成人样本的差异在不同文化中都有体现，并且差异与性别刻板印象大致一致：女性报告自己在神经质、宜人性、温暖性和情感开放性方面更高，而男性在自信和思想开放性方面更高。与进化论的预测相反，性别差异的程度因文化而异。与社会角色模型的预测相反，性别差异在传统性别角色被最小化的欧洲和美国文化中最为明显。讨论了这一令人惊讶的发现的可能解释，包括将男性和女性的行为归因于传统文化中的角色而不是特征。
Secondary analyses of Revised NEO Personality Inventory data from 26 cultures (N = 23,031) suggest that gender differences are small relative to individual variation within genders; differences are replicated across cultures for both college-age and adult samples, and differences are broadly consistent with gender stereotypes: Women reported themselves to be higher in Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Warmth, and Openness to Feelings, whereas men were higher in Assertiveness and Openness to Ideas. Contrary to predictions from evolutionary theory, the magnitude of gender differences varied across cultures. Contrary to predictions from the social role model, gender differences were most pronounced in European and American cultures in which traditional sex roles are minimized. Possible explanations for this surprising finding are discussed, including the attribution of masculine and feminine, behaviors to roles rather than traits in traditional cultures.