Observations of the eruption of the Sarychev volcano and simulations using the HadGEM2 climate model.
Observations of the eruption of the Sarychev volcano and simulations using the HadGEM2 climate model.
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DOI：
10.1029/2010jd014447
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发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Haywood;Andy Jones;L. Clarisse;A. Bourassa;J. Barnes;P. Telford;N. Bellouin;O. Boucher;P. Agnew;C. Clerbaux;P. Coheur;D. Degenstein;P. Braesicke
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Haywood;Andy Jones;L. Clarisse;A. Bourassa;J. Barnes;P. Telford;N. Bellouin;O. Boucher;P. Agnew;C. Clerbaux;P. Coheur;D. Degenstein;P. Braesicke
[1]2009年6月，位于日本东北部千岛群岛的萨雷切夫火山爆发，将火山灰和估计为1.2 ± 0.2 Tg的二氧化硫注入对流层上部和平流层下部，使其成为过去50年来平流层注入量最大的十大火山之一。在喷发后的一段时间内，我们表明，二氧化硫（SO2）云被清楚地检测到的红外大气探测干涉仪（IASI）卫星仪器开发的检索和由此产生的平流层硫酸盐气溶胶被检测到的光学光谱仪和红外成像系统（OSIRIS）临边探测器和CALIPSO激光雷达。额外的地面仪器可以评估喷发对平流层气溶胶光学厚度的影响。我们使用HadGEM 2气候模型的一个微调版本来研究这个科学气候模型可以复制SO2和硫酸盐气溶胶的分布。模式模拟和OSIRIS测量表明，在北方半球，平流层气溶胶光学厚度增加了约3倍（在550 nm处为0.01），对辐射收支产生了影响。模拟表明，在北方半球的2009年7月，火山气溶胶的平均辐射影响的大小是所有人为气溶胶的直接辐射强迫的60%以上。虽然在观测记录中可能无法检测到喷发引起的冷却，但建模和测量相结合将为模拟未来更大规模的火山喷发提供理想的框架。
[1] In June 2009 the Sarychev volcano located in the Kuril Islands to the northeast of Japan erupted explosively, injecting ash and an estimated 1.2 ± 0.2 Tg of sulfur dioxide into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, making it arguably one of the 10 largest stratospheric injections in the last 50 years. During the period immediately after the eruption, we show that the sulfur dioxide (SO2) cloud was clearly detected by retrievals developed for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite instrument and that the resultant stratospheric sulfate aerosol was detected by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and CALIPSO lidar. Additional surface-based instrumentation allows assessment of the impact of the eruption on the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. We use a nudged version of the HadGEM2 climate model to investigate how well this state-of-the-science climate model can replicate the distributions of SO2 and sulfate aerosol. The model simulations and OSIRIS measurements suggest that in the Northern Hemisphere the stratospheric aerosol optical depth was enhanced by around a factor of 3 (0.01 at 550 nm), with resultant impacts upon the radiation budget. The simulations indicate that, in the Northern Hemisphere for July 2009, the magnitude of the mean radiative impact from the volcanic aerosols is more than 60% of the direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols put together. While the cooling induced by the eruption will likely not be detectable in the observational record, the combination of modeling and measurements would provide an ideal framework for simulating future larger volcanic eruptions.