Bamboo Leaf and Pollen Fossils from the Late Miocene of Eastern Zhejiang, China and their Phytogeological Significance
Bamboo Leaf and Pollen Fossils from the Late Miocene of Eastern Zhejiang, China and their Phytogeological Significance
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DOI：
10.1111/1755-6724.12274
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Qiu-Jun Wang;Fujun Ma;Yi Yang;J. Dong;Haofei Wang;Ruiyun Li;Xiaohui Xu;Bainian Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qiu-Jun Wang;Fujun Ma;Yi Yang;J. Dong;Haofei Wang;Ruiyun Li;Xiaohui Xu;Bainian Sun
中国浙江东部天台县和宁海县胜贤组上中新世沉积物中的竹叶和花粉化石在亚洲是罕见的。独特的假叶柄和叶片的平行脉序以及明显加厚的花粉孔环使它们属于竹亚科。形态学分析支持确定这些化石叶子属于竹属，并且描述了两个新物种。长柄竹 Bambusium latipseudopetiolus Q.J. Wang 等人太阳 sp。十一月假叶柄明显宽，宽0.23厘米，长0.40厘米，有数个平行脉上的维管束，中脉两侧有5～8条侧脉。长柄竹 Bambusium longipseudopetiolus Q.J. Wang 等人太阳 sp。十一月有明显长的假叶柄，长0.60厘米，宽0.10厘米，假叶柄上有数个维管束，中脉两侧有6条侧脉。来自同一层的花粉粒提供了竹子的额外证据。它们的特征是直径32.0-51.0μm，有直径3.0-4.0μm的圆孔，周围有2.5-3.5μm的宽阔加厚环，外壁表面有几个明显的次生褶皱。形态分析表明它们属于禾本科竹属Bambusoides Stuchlik。这些化石对于研究中国竹子植物地理学具有重要意义。他们证明，在晚中新世，中国东南部就有竹子生长，而浙江的竹子最晚在晚中新世开始多样化。结合其他地方的竹子化石来看，竹子在中新世时期似乎在中国南方广泛分布，范围从云南西南部到浙江东南部。
Fossil bamboo leaves and pollen from Upper Miocene deposits of the Shengxian Formation in Tiantai and Ninghai counties, eastern Zhejiang, China represent a rare record in Asia. The distinctive pseudopetiole and parallel venation of the leaf blades and the clearly thickened annulus of the pollen aperture place them in the subfamily Bambusoideae. Morphological analysis supports the determination of these fossil leaves as belonging to the genus Bambusium and two new species are described. Bambusium latipseudopetiolus Q.J. Wang et B.N. Sun sp. nov. has a distinctly wide pseudopetiole of 0.23 cm in width and 0.40 cm in length, several vascular bundles on parallel veins, and 5–8 lateral veins on both sides of the midrib. Bambusium longipseudopetiolus Q.J. Wang et B.N. Sun sp. nov. has a distinctly long pseudopetiole of 0.60 cm in length and 0.10 cm in width, several vascular bundles on the pseudopetiole, and 6 lateral veins on both sides of the midrib. Pollen grains from the same layer provide additional evidence of bamboos. They are characterized by 32.0–51.0 μm in diameter, a round pore 3.0–4.0 μm in diameter with a broad thickened annulus 2.5–3.5 μm around, and several conspicuous secondary folds on the exine surface. The morphological analysis leads to their assignment to Graminidites bambusoides Stuchlik. These fossils are important for the study of bamboo phytogeography in China. They demonstrate that there were bamboos growing in southeastern China during the Late Miocene and that bamboos in Zhejiang begin to diversify no later than the Late Miocene. In combination with bamboo fossils from other places, it seems that bamboos had a wide distribution across southern China during the Miocene, ranging from southwestern Yun'nan to southeastern Zhejiang.