Quantum ground state and single-phonon control of a mechanical resonator
Quantum ground state and single-phonon control of a mechanical resonator
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DOI：
10.1038/nature08967
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Cleland, A. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Connell, A. D.;Hofheinz, M.;Cleland, A. N.
量子力学为各种各样的物理系统提供了高度准确的描述。然而，要证明量子力学同样适用于宏观机械系统，这是一个长期存在的挑战，因为很难将力学模式冷却到其量子基态。所需的温度通常远低于标准低温方法所能达到的温度，因此已经投入了大量的努力来开发替代冷却技术。一旦进入基态，就必须演示量子极限测量。在这里，我们展示了使用传统的低温制冷，我们可以通过使用耦合到量子比特的微波频率机械振荡器来冷却机械模到其量子基态，该量子比特用于测量谐振器的量子态。我们进一步证明，我们可以在谐振器中可控地产生单量子激发(声子)，从而迈出了完成机械系统量子控制的第一步。
Quantum mechanics provides a highly accurate description of a wide variety of physical systems. However, a demonstration that quantum mechanics applies equally to macroscopic mechanical systems has been a long-standing challenge, hindered by the difficulty of cooling a mechanical mode to its quantum ground state. The temperatures required are typically far below those attainable with standard cryogenic methods, so significant effort has been devoted to developing alternative cooling techniques. Once in the ground state, quantum-limited measurements must then be demonstrated. Here, using conventional cryogenic refrigeration, we show that we can cool a mechanical mode to its quantum ground state by using a microwave-frequency mechanical oscillator-a 'quantum drum'-coupled to a quantum bit, which is used to measure the quantum state of the resonator. We further show that we can controllably create single quantum excitations (phonons) in the resonator, thus taking the first steps to complete quantum control of a mechanical system.