Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes
Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23436
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McFarlin, Shannon C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McGrath, Kate;El-Zaatari, Sireen;McFarlin, Shannon C.
目的线状牙釉质发育不良（LEH）是由于牙齿发育过程中生长中断导致的牙釉质厚度局部减少的一种疾病。我们使用定量标准来描述类人猿LEH缺损和正常外突的深度。我们验证了山地大猩猩与其他类群相比具有浅缺陷的假设，这可能导致先前研究中对它们的低估。材料和方法先前对LEH形态进行定量表征的尝试在样本量和范围上受到限制。我们使用光学轮廓术（Sensofar PLu Neox）生成了数字高程模型，并使用ImageJ提取了二维坐标，以量化来自三个类人猿（N=75个边缘畸形；255个缺陷）的犬科动物的深度。结果缺损深度均落在外突深度分布范围内。山地大猩猩的缺陷明显比其他类人猿类群浅，包括西部低地大猩猩。在所有分类群中，雌性比雄性有明显更深的缺陷。最严重的缺陷属于一只野生捕获的动物园大猩猩。Dian Fossey收集的维龙加山地大猩猩标本比最近收集的标本有更深的缺陷。在过去的研究中，山地大猩猩的浅缺陷形态可能导致对LEH患病率的低估。缺损深度被用来作为损伤严重程度的代表，但深度可能受到牙釉质生长的特异性和特异性变异的影响。未来的研究应该测试严重的侮辱是否与更深层次的缺陷有关，就像一只野生捕获的大猩猩哈洛科的情况一样。正在进行的组织学研究结合相关的行为记录，将测试缺陷形态差异背后的可能因素。
ObjectiveLinear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a condition marked by localized reductions in enamel thickness, resulting from growth disruptions during dental development. We use quantitative criteria to characterize the depth of LEH defects and normal perikymata in great apes. We test the hypothesis that mountain gorillas have shallow defects compared to other taxa, which may have led to their underestimation in previous studies.Materials and MethodsPrevious attempts to characterize LEH morphology quantitatively have been limited in sample size and scope. We generated digital elevation models using optical profilometry (Sensofar PLu Neox) and extracted 2D coordinates using ImageJ to quantify depths in canines from three great ape genera (N=75 perikymata; 255 defects).ResultsAll defect depths fall outside the distribution of perikymata depths. Mountain gorilla defects are significantly shallower than those of other great ape taxa examined, including western lowland gorillas. Females have significantly deeper defects than males in all taxa. The deepest defect belongs to a wild-captured zoo gorilla. Virunga mountain gorilla specimens collected by Dian Fossey exhibit deeper defects than those collected recently.DiscussionShallow defect morphology in mountain gorillas may have led to an underestimation of LEH prevalence in past studies. Defect depth is used as a proxy for insult severity, but depth might be influenced by inter- and intra-specific variation in enamel growth. Future studies should test whether severe insults are associated with deeper defects, as might be the case with Haloko, a wild-captured gorilla. Ongoing histologic studies incorporating associated behavioral records will test possible factors that underlie differences in defect morphology.