The development of visually guided stepping.
The development of visually guided stepping.
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视觉引导步进的发展。
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-019-05629-5
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Mowbray R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mowbray R
成年人在走路和走路时使用视觉来微调脚的位置。然而，视觉引导步法的发展概况尚不清楚。我们询问(1)儿童是否使用在线视觉来微调精确的步法，以及(2)精确步法是否作为更广泛的视觉运动发展的一部分，与伸手等其他基本运动技能一起发展。对于6岁(N= 11)、7岁(N= 11)、8岁(N= 11)的儿童和成年人(N= 15)，我们在台阶和触觉中操纵视觉输入。使用动作捕捉，我们测量了步长和到达误差，以及姿势稳定性。我们期望(1)步态和伸展范围都是由视觉引导的(2)具有相似的发育轮廓，(3)促进稳定性的脚部放置偏向，以及(4)姿势稳定性和步态误差之间的相关性。孩子们使用视觉来微调步幅和伸展范围。在所有年龄段，脚的位置都是有偏见的(尽管不是在预测的方向上)。与我们的预测相反，步长误差与姿势稳定性无关。到8岁时，儿童的步数和伸展误差都像成年人一样。尽管视觉控制机制相似，但步进和伸展有不同的发展轮廓：步长误差随着年龄的增加而减少，而伸展误差则随着年龄的增加而降低和稳定。我们认为视觉引导和非视觉引导动作的发展都是肢体特有的。
Adults use vision during stepping and walking to fine-tune foot placement. However, the developmental profile of visually guided stepping is unclear. We asked (1) whether children use online vision to fine-tune precise steps and (2) whether precision stepping develops as part of broader visuomotor development, alongside other fundamental motor skills like reaching. With 6-(N= 11), 7-(N= 11), 8-(N= 11)-year-olds and adults (N= 15), we manipulated visual input during steps and reaches. Using motion capture, we measured step and reach error, and postural stability. We expected (1) both steps and reaches would be visually guided (2) with similar developmental profiles (3) foot placement biases that promote stability, and (4) correlations between postural stability and step error. Children used vision to fine-tune both steps and reaches. At all ages, foot placement was biased (albeit not in the predicted directions). Contrary to our predictions, step error was not correlated with postural stability. By 8 years, children’s step and reach error were adult-like. Despite similar visual control mechanisms, stepping and reaching had different developmental profiles: step error reduced with age whilst reach error was lower and stable with age. We argue that the development of both visually guided and non-visually guided action is limb-specific.