EARLY VISUAL DEVELOPMENT - DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTIONING OF PARVOCELLULAR AND MAGNOCELLULAR PATHWAYS
EARLY VISUAL DEVELOPMENT - DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTIONING OF PARVOCELLULAR AND MAGNOCELLULAR PATHWAYS
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DOI：
10.1038/eye.1992.28
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
ATKINSON, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ATKINSON, J
两种视觉系统的想法源于对不同物种视觉的比较研究。 1 有人提出，皮层下系统控制定向反应，粗略地定义物体所在的“位置”并触发中心凹到该位置，而皮层机制则用于定义中心凹区域中实际的“内容”。利用这个想法，布朗森提出了一个人类发育模型，表明新生儿的视力完全由皮质下控制，皮质在出生后两个月左右成熟。阿特金森 3 利用婴儿研究中的电生理学和行为数据，提出了一种改进的“双视觉系统”发育模型。新生儿视觉系统“很大程度上”是皮质下控制的，不同的皮质机制在出生后的不同时间开始发挥作用。本文根据最近对婴儿的研究更新了这一理论背后的想法。成人视觉的两个理论模型被用来与婴儿视觉进行类比。第一个主要基于灵长类动物损伤研究，其中注意到与不同损伤相关的解离。 “哪里”和“什么”系统仅在皮质通路内定义。 Zeki 和他的同事获得了灵长类动物纹外皮质选择性处理视觉信息的初步证据。他们定义了一个选择性刺激运动方向的区域，此后被称为 VS 或 MT。 4 在其他研究 Zeki5、6 中确定了一个颜色特定区域 V4。 Ungerleider 和 Mishkin7 认为这两个流与不同的视觉能力相关——主要是顶叶模块涉及在空间阵列内定位物体，而涉及颞叶的模块则包含调整到“什么”方面（例如形式和颜色）的机制。患者的临床观察
The idea of two visual systems arose out of comparative studies of vision across different species. 1 It was sug gested that subcortical systems control orienting responses which define crudely'where'an object is located and trigger foveation to that location, while corti cal mechanisms are used to define'what'is actually in the foveated area. Using this idea, Bronson2 put forward a model of human development suggesting that newborn vision is totally subcortically controlled with the cortex maturing at around two months postnatally. Atkinson, 3 using both electrophysiological and behavioural data from infant studies, put forward a modified'two visual systems' model of development. The newborn visual system is' largely'subcortically controlled, with different cortical mechanisms starting to function at different times postnatally.In this paper the ideas behind this theory are updated in the light of recent research on infants. Two theoretical models of adult vision are used to make analogies with infant vision. The first is based largely on primate lesion studies, where dissociations relating to different lesions have been noted. A'where'and a'what'system have been defined solely within the cortical pathways. The initial evidence for selective processing of visual information in primate extrastriate cortex was obtained by Zeki and his co-workers. They defined an area selective for the direc tion of stimulus motion which has since been called VS or MT. 4 In other studies Zeki5, 6 identified a colour specific area, V4. Ungerleider and Mishkin7 suggested that these two streams are associated with different visual capaci ties-a largely parietal module is involved with localising objects within a spatial array, while those involving the temporal lobe contain mechanisms tuned to'what'aspects such as form and colour. Clinical observations of patients