An Integrating Architecture for Coastal Inundation and Erosion Program Planning and Product Development
An Integrating Architecture for Coastal Inundation and Erosion Program Planning and Product Development
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沿海洪水和侵蚀项目规划和产品开发的集成架构
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
L. Vaughan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Marra;T. Allen;D. Easterling;S. Fauver;T. Karl;D. Levinson;D. Marcy;J. Payne;L. Pietrafesa;E. Shea;L. Vaughan
造成沿海淹没和侵蚀的物理系统受到海洋、大气和陆地过程在广泛的时间和空间尺度上相互作用的复杂组合的控制。根据时间和空间的不同，这些过程的表现形式可能不同，包括阵发性风暴引发的潮汐或波浪冲顶和底切、与长期相对海平面上升相关的慢性洪水和侵蚀、或海啸引起的灾难性洪水。与这些物理系统相结合的是由不同文化、经济和环境条件组成的社会系统。与物理系统一样，社会系统也在发生变化，这主要是由于沿海地区人口和基础设施的增加。这些不同的条件和系统揭示了对支持决策的数据和信息的内容、格式和时间安排的广泛需求。本文描述了一个集成架构的概念框架，该架构将支持面向灾害抵御社区的计划规划和产品开发。该框架的核心是对自然和社会系统的全面、水平和垂直整合的看法，这些系统塑造了与沿海洪水和侵蚀相关的风险，以及管理这些风险所需的信息类型。同样重要的是，该框架解决了系统和规模之间的必要联系。这种综合方法还强调了规划者、管理者和决策者在不断变化的物理和社会环境中的需求，以及迭代、嵌套、协作和参与过程的必要性。
The physical systems causing coastal inundation and erosion are governed by a complex combination of oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial processes interacting across a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. Depending on time and space, the expression of these processes may variously take the form of episodic storm-induced surge or wave overtopping and undercutting, chronic flooding and erosion associated with long-term relative sea level rise, or catastrophic inundation attributable to tsunami. Combined with these physical systems are social systems made up of diverse cultural, economic, and environmental conditions. As with the physical systems, the social systems are changing, largely because of increases in population and infrastructure along coastlines. These diverse conditions and systems reveal wide-ranging needs for content, format, and timing of data and information to support decisionmaking. This paper describes a conceptual framework for an integrating architecture that would support program planning and product development toward hazard resilient communities. Central to this framework is a comprehensive, horizontally and vertically integrated view of the physical and social systems that shape the risks associated with coastal inundation and erosion, and the types of information needed to manage those risks. Equally important, the framework addresses the necessary connections among systems and scales. This integrated approach also emphasizes the needs of planners, managers, and decisionmakers in a changing physical and social environment, as well as the necessity of an iterative, nested, collaborative, and participatory process.