Review of the Rissoidae of New South Wales
Review of the Rissoidae of New South Wales
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新南威尔士州雷索科的回顾
DOI：
10.3853/j.0067-1975.22.1950.608
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发表时间：
1950
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
C. Laseron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Laseron
这篇文章是一系列新南威尔士软体动物的第二篇，主要是基于我和我儿子约翰在过去二十年里收集的标本。当赫德利在1917年发表他的检查表时，他认为系统分类学家的工作已经接近完成，等待发现和命名的物种相对较少。然而，自那时以来，清单已明显扩大，部分是通过检查已知材料，但特别是在大陆架作业的拖网渔船带来的新材料。甚至从海岸上容易到达的地点进行的系统收集也表明，存在着比以往想象的要大得多的软体动物群。这特别适用于较小的物种，虽然常常具有相当引人注目的特征，但在许多情况下被忽视了。毕竟，大小是相对的，实际上，小贝壳的种类，比如长度在5毫米以下的种类，在数量上大大超过了那些较大的种类，而个体的数量肯定要大得多。因此，当考虑海洋动物学的更广泛的问题时，微小的软体动物的相对重要性必须至少与那些更明显的大小一样大，如果不是更大的话。微小的体积可能会使研究变得更加困难，但研究小贝壳的学生在某种程度上是幸运的。在采集的早期，很少有人发现他们的方式国外，因此他们逃脱了涉及同义词，这使得许多较大物种的身份变得模糊。大多数已知的物种已在当地描述，当地学生可以获得文献和类型。像梅、泰特、查尔斯赫德利和其他人给澳大利亚科学期刊的投稿都是经过精心编辑的，而且非常准确。已故的查尔斯赫德利的工作特别是如此清晰，仔细和准确，这是一个宏伟的基础上建立。过去的主要限制是，所处理的小物质大多数是从海滩上的贝壳砂中收集的。这虽然不是没有价值，但有时磨损和褪色，标本被发现是一个或两个，而不是在殖民地时获得活着。人们可以进一步说，有些群体的海滩物质实际上是无法识别的，然而，当发现活着的时候，几乎没有什么困难。在本文中，只要有可能，就处理活的材料。沿着海岸的岩石池中丰富的各种藻类是一个富有成效的收集地。如果用淡水清洗，这些会产生无数的东西。用透镜可以从碎片中分离出来。当把岩石的底部擦洗到一个盆地里时，会产生进一步的收获，还有大量的贻贝，破碎的海葱管，海绵的表面，以及。通过疏浚，以及通过对mUd的检测，获得了更深的水材料。以及拖网渔船从大陆架带上来的沙子。对于后者，我特别感谢T先生。克鲁克黑文的尼尔森，他有一段时间经常给我寄来这样获得的材料。虽然只有一小部分疏浚物是活的，但总的来说，它的状况比在海滩上发现的要好得多。即使对海岸物种来说
This paper, the second of a series reviewing some of the families of New South Wales mollusca, is based primarily on the collections made by my son John and myself during the last twenty years. When Hedley published his check list in 1917 it WaS thought that the work of the systematist was nearly completed and that comparatively few species awaited discovery and naming. Since that time, nevertheless, the list has been appreciably enlarged, partially by checking known material, but particularly from new material brought in by trawlers operating on the continental shelf. Even from easily accessible locations on the shore systematic collecting has revealed that a far greater molluscan fauna exists than was ever suspected. This applies particularly to the smaller species which, though often of quite striking character, have in many cases been overlooked. Size is, after all, relative, and actually the species of small shells, say under 5 mm. in length, greatly outnumber those of larger size, while the number of individuals must be very much greater. Thus when the broader problems of marine zoology are considered, the relative importance of minute molluscs must at least be as great as, if not greater than, those of more conspicuous size. Minute size makes study perhaps a little more difficult, but the student of small shells is fortunate in one way. In the early days of collecting very few found their way abroad, .and they have thus escaped the involved synonymy which so obscures the identity of many of the larger species. Most of the known species have been described locally, and the literature and types are accessible to the local student. The contributions of such men as May, Tate, Charles Hedley and others to Australian scientific journals have been most carefully compiled and are of great accuracy. The work of the late Charles Hedley particularly is so clear, careful and accurate that it is a magnificent foundation on which to build. The chief limitation in the past has been that most of the small material dealt with has been collected from shell sand from the beaches. This, though not without value, is at times worn and faded, and specimens are found in ones and twos instead of in colonies as when procured alive. One can go farther and say that with some groups beach material is practically unidentifiable, yet the same when found alive present very little difficulty at all. In this paper live material has been dealt with wherever possible. A fruitful collecting ground has been the various algae abundant in rock pools right along the coast. These, if washed in fresh water, yield myriads. of small shells which can be sorted out with a lens from the debris. The bottoms of rocks when scrubbed into a basin yield a further harvest, as do also masses of mussels, broken galiolaria tubes, the surface of sponges, and. so on. Deeper water material has been obtained by dredging, also by the examination of mUd. and sand brought up by trawlers from the continental shelf. For the latter I am particularly indebted to Mr. T. Nielsen, of Crookhaven, who has for some time regularly sent me parcels of material so obtained. Though only a ~mall proportion of dredged material is obtained alive, on the whole it is in much better condition than that found on the beach. Even for shore species