Transmission dynamics and changing epidemiology of West Nile virus
Transmission dynamics and changing epidemiology of West Nile virus
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DOI：
10.1017/s1466252307001430
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Blitvich, Bradley J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blitvich, Bradley J.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种黄病毒，维持在鸟类-蚊子传播周期中。人类、马和其他非鸟类脊椎动物通常是偶然的宿主，但越来越多的证据表明，情况可能并非总是如此。从历史上看，西尼罗河病毒与非洲、欧洲、亚洲和澳大利亚的人和马的无症状感染和散发性疾病暴发有关。然而，自1994年以来，该病毒在欧洲和地中海盆地频繁爆发人和马的严重神经侵入性疾病。1999年，西尼罗河病毒的地理范围急剧扩大，并在纽约市爆发人和马脑炎期间首次在西半球报告。这次暴发伴随着广泛和前所未有的禽类死亡。从那时起，西尼罗河病毒已经分散在西半球，现在在美国，加拿大，墨西哥和加勒比地区以及中美洲和南美洲的部分地区都可以找到。在美国，西尼罗河病毒造成了> 27，000例人类病例，> 25，000例马病例和数十万例禽类死亡，但令人惊讶的是，在加勒比和拉丁美洲的脊椎动物中只有很少的西尼罗河病毒疾病报告。这篇综述总结了我们目前对西尼罗河病毒的认识，特别强调其传播动力学和不断变化的流行病学。
West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus that is maintained in a bird-mosquito transmission cycle. Humans, horses and other non-avian vertebrates are usually incidental hosts, but evidence is accumulating that this might not always be the case. Historically, WNV has been associated with asymptomatic infections and sporadic disease outbreaks in humans and horses in Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia. However, since 1994, the virus has caused frequent outbreaks of severe neuroinvasive disease in humans and horses in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. In 1999, WNV underwent a dramatic expansion of its geographic range, and was reported for the first time in the Western Hemisphere during an outbreak of human and equine encephalitis in New York City. The outbreak was accompanied by extensive and unprecedented avian mortality. Since then, WNV has dispersed across the Western Hemisphere and is now found throughout the USA, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean, and parts of Central and South America. WNV has been responsible for >27,000 human cases, >25,000 equine cases and hundreds of thousands of avian deaths in the USA but, surprisingly, there have been only sparse reports of WNV disease in vertebrates in the Caribbean and Latin America. This review summarizes our current understanding of WNV with particular emphasis on its transmission dynamics and changing epidemiology.