Persistent and aggressive interactions with the police: potential mental health implications
Persistent and aggressive interactions with the police: potential mental health implications
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DOI：
10.1017/s2045796019000015
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Persky, V. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirschtick, J. L.;Homan, S. M.;Persky, V. W.
目标。尽管在许多不利的城市环境中警察无处不在，但人们对警察遭遇的潜在健康影响知之甚少。在本文中，我们评估是否持续或积极的互动与警察与不良的心理健康结果在一个样本的主要是低收入社区的颜色在芝加哥。在2015年3月至2016年9月期间，我们使用多阶段概率设计调查了10个不同芝加哥社区的1543名成年人。该调查有350多个关于健康和社会因素的问题，包括警察暴露和心理健康状况。我们使用性别分层逻辑回归来检查持续的警察暴露（定义为大量的终身警察停止）或侵略性的警察暴露（定义为在受访者最近的警察停止期间威胁或使用警察力量）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或抑郁症的存在之间的关联。在调整了受访者年龄、种族/民族、教育、无家可归史、既往PTSD诊断和邻里暴力犯罪率后，报告一生中被警察拦下次数多的男性与未报告一生中被警察拦下次数多的男性相比，目前PTSD症状的几率高出3倍（OR 3.1，95%CI 1.3-7.6）。报告一生中被警察拦下次数较多的妇女，目前出现PTSD症状的几率要高出两倍，尽管调整后的结果在统计学上并不显著（OR 2.0，95%CI 0.9-4.2）。在我们的样本中，持续性或攻击性的警察暴露与当前的抑郁症状均无显著相关。我们的研究结果支持现有的初步证据，即高寿命警察停止和创伤后应激障碍症状之间的关联。如果未来的研究可以证实因果关系，这些结果具有相当大的公共卫生影响，因为在大城市地区的弱势社区的警察和居民之间的频繁互动。
Aims. Little is known about the potential health impact of police encounters despite a ubiquitous police presence in many disadvantaged urban environments. In this paper, we assess whether persistent or aggressive interactions with the police are associated with poor mental health outcomes in a sample of primarily low-income communities of colour in Chicago.Methods. Between March 2015 and September 2016, we surveyed 1543 adults in ten diverse Chicago communities using a multistage probability design. The survey had over 350 questions on health and social factors, including police exposure and mental health status. We use sex-stratified logistic regression to examine associations between persistent police exposure (defined as a high number of lifetime police stops) or aggressive police exposure (defined as threat or use of police force during the respondent's most recent police stop) and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms.Results. Men reporting a high number of lifetime police stops have three times greater odds of current PTSD symptoms compared with men who did not report high lifetime police stops (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.6), after adjusting for respondent age, race/ethnicity, education, history of homelessness, prior diagnosis of PTSD and neighbourhood violent crime rate. Women reporting a high number of lifetime police stops have two times greater odds of current PTSD symptoms, although the results are not statistically significant after adjustment (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.2). Neither persistent nor aggressive police exposure is significantly associated with current depressive symptoms in our sample.Conclusions. Our findings support existing preliminary evidence of an association between high lifetime police stops and PTSD symptoms. If future research can confirm as causal, these results have considerable public health implications given the frequent interaction between police and residents in disadvantaged communities in large urban areas.