Cultural Unity and Disunity in the Titicaca Basin
Cultural Unity and Disunity in the Titicaca Basin
复制标题
的喀喀盆地的文化统一与不统一
作者：
W. C. Bennett
在前哥伦布时代的秘鲁，人口集中和文化发展的有利条件在很大程度上局限于沿海山谷和山区的高构造盆地。大多数研究过比较年代学的考古学家都将相邻的山谷进行了分组，并将它们的组合文化序列与高原盆地的文化序列进行了比较。这一程序的理由是，假设在任何给定的时间段内，这些区域单位的文化都是一致的。对于山谷，这样的假设是基于该地区的有限面积，以及每个山谷只有一个主要水源来支持以灌溉农业为基础的经济的事实。安第斯研究所在维鲁进行的密集考古工作证实了一个山谷的文化一致性这一论点。然而，高地的情况有所不同，因为流域相对较大，有许多水源，并允许经济不完全依赖灌溉。只有一个高地盆地，即喀喀湖，在考古上是充分已知的，可以检查不同时期的分布，作为评估其文化统一或不统一的基础。本文对此进行了综述。
In pre-Columbian Peru, conditions favorable for population concentration and cultural development were largely restricted to the coastal valleys and the high structural basins in the mountains. Most archaeologists who have dealt with comparative chronology have grouped adjacent valleys and compared their combined cultural sequences with those of a highland basin. The justification for this procedure has been the assumption that cultural uniformity would be found throughout these regional units in any given time period. For the valleys, such an assumption is based on the limited size of the area and the fact that each has only one major source of water supply to support an economy based on irrigated agriculture. The intensive archaeological work in Viru by the Institute of Andean Research verified the thesis of cultural uniformity for one valley. The situation in the highlands is, however, somewhat different since the basins are comparatively large, have many sources of water supply, and allow economies not totally dependent on irrigation. Only one highland basin, the Lake Titicaca, is sufficiently known archaeologically to allow examination of distributions at different time periods as a basis for evaluating its cultural unity or disunity. The present paper undertakes such a review.