Cryptococcus neoformans Site-2 protease is required for virulence and survival in the presence of azole drugs.

Cryptococcus neoformans Site-2 protease is required for virulence and survival in the presence of azole drugs.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06895.x
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发表时间:
2009-11
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Espenshade PJ
Espenshade PJ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bien CM;Chang YC;Nes WD;Kwon-Chung KJ;Espenshade PJ

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在人类真菌病原体新型隐球菌中,SREBP直系同源物Sre 1对于营养限制性宿主组织的适应和生长非常重要。在这项研究中,我们描述了C。新生儿血清型A Sre 1及其活化蛋白酶Stp 1。我们证明,Stp 1是一个功能保守的哺乳动物的站点2蛋白酶的直系同源物,Stp 1切割Sre 1在其预测的第一个跨膜段。基因表达分析表明,Stp 1是所需的Sre 1依赖性和Sre 1非依赖性基因转录,表明Stp 1的其他底物可能存在。使用气相色谱法,我们表明,SRE 1和Stp 1是所需的常氧和缺氧麦角甾醇生物合成,因此缺乏SRE 1或STP 1的细胞是有缺陷的生长在低水平的麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂,伊曲康唑和25-硫丙留醇的存在下。重要的是,我们的研究证明了伊曲康唑和25-硫丙留醇对sre 1 Δ和stp 1 Δ细胞的杀真菌作用,表明在存在甾醇生物合成抑制抗真菌药物的情况下,Sre 1途径是生长和存活所必需的。考虑到对杀真菌药物的需求,我们建议Stp 1、Sre 1或其他Sre 1功能调节剂的抑制剂与甾醇合成抑制剂联合给药可以证明是一种有效的抗隐球菌治疗。
In the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the SREBP ortholog Sre1 is important for adaptation and growth in nutrient-limiting host tissues. In this study, we characterize the C. neoformans serotype A Sre1 and its activating protease, Stp1. We demonstrate that Stp1 is a functionally conserved ortholog of the mammalian Site-2 protease and that Stp1 cleaves Sre1 within its predicted first transmembrane segment. Gene expression analysis revealed that Stp1 is required for both Sre1-dependent and Sre1-independent gene transcription, indicating that other substrates of Stp1 may exist. Using gas chromatography, we showed that Sre1 and Stp1 are required for both normoxic and hypoxic ergosterol biosynthesis, and therefore cells lacking SRE1 or STP1 are defective for growth in the presence of low levels of the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, itraconazole and 25-thialanosterol. Importantly, our studies demonstrated fungicidal effects of itraconazole and 25-thialanosterol toward sre1Δ and stp1Δ cells, demonstrating that the Sre1 pathway is required for both growth and survival in the presence of sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting antifungal drugs. Given the need for fungicidal drugs, we propose that inhibitors of Stp1, Sre1, or other regulators of Sre1 function administered in combination with a sterol synthesis inhibitor could prove an effective anti-cryptococcal therapy.
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